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<p>This study investigates the three-dimensional flow and heat transfer characteristics of a radiative Oldroyd-B nanofluid over a convectively heated stretching sheet. The effects of suction, activation energy, and irregular heat sources are systematically analyzed. To facilitate the mathematical formulation, suitable similarity transformations are employed to reduce the governing nonlinear partial differential equations into a system of ordinary differential equations. These equations are then solved numerically using the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg (RKF) method. The impact of various physical parameters on fluid velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles is examined and illustrated through graphical and tabular representations. The results reveal that the Deborah numbers (β₁, β₂) exert opposite influences on the flow behavior. Additionally, increased intensity of irregular heat sources enhances the fluid temperature, while activation energy positively influences the concentration distribution.</p>

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Three-Dimensional Heat Transfer in Radiative Oldroyd-B Nanofluid Flow with Irregular Heat Source and Activation Energy Effects

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月24日

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  • D. K. Jyoti,
  • V. Nagaradhika,
  • P. B. Sampath Kumar,
  • Elliriki Mamatha

摘要

This study investigates the three-dimensional flow and heat transfer characteristics of a radiative Oldroyd-B nanofluid over a convectively heated stretching sheet. The effects of suction, activation energy, and irregular heat sources are systematically analyzed. To facilitate the mathematical formulation, suitable similarity transformations are employed to reduce the governing nonlinear partial differential equations into a system of ordinary differential equations. These equations are then solved numerically using the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg (RKF) method. The impact of various physical parameters on fluid velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles is examined and illustrated through graphical and tabular representations. The results reveal that the Deborah numbers (β₁, β₂) exert opposite influences on the flow behavior. Additionally, increased intensity of irregular heat sources enhances the fluid temperature, while activation energy positively influences the concentration distribution.