Stability Analysis of Four-Dimensional Fractional Cancer Model via Caputo and Caputo-Fabrizio Derivatives

The paper investigates the behavior of a four-dimensional fractional-order mathematical model for cancer dynamics, focusing on the interactions between cancer cells, immune cells, host cells, and endothelial cells. This model provides new insights into the complex dynamics of cancer progression. A stability analysis of the system is performed across various fractional-order values using both Caputo and Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivatives. The obtained results are then compared and validated by solving the governing system using the Adams-Bashforth-Moulton method. This study highlights the impact of the type fractional operator and the variation in fractional order on the system stability, which cannot be obtained from classical integer-order systems.