<p>Healthcare is essential for survival, but poor biomedical waste management (BWM) harms the ecosystem, including plants and animals, and directly influences human health. BWM is vital to maintaining environmental sustainability and public health. There are meaningful challenges in evaluating the efficacy of BWM because of the inherent uncertainties and complexity associated with waste characteristics and disposal methods. This paper proposes a fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method for an exhaustive appraisal of the biomedical waste management. To successfully manage biomedical waste in the system, we developed a <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\gamma $</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>γ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-cut area-based fuzzy MCDM method in this study. Also, to measure the performance of the BWM techniques, we invented a <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\gamma $</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>γ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-cut area ranking method under the generalized heptagonal fuzzy number (GHpFN) environment. In the BWM system, we considered five BWM techniques (Incineration (<InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$A_{1}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), Microwaves (<InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$A_{2}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), Autoclaving (<InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$A_{3}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), Chemical treatment (<InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$A_{4}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), and Recycling (<InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$A_{5}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mn>5</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>)) and to assess the BWM techniques based on technological sustainability, health and safety, environmental impact, and cost-effectiveness criteria. The results revealed that autoclaving achieved the highest ranking by the cut area ranking method, indicating its superior efficiency, compliance with regulations, and environmental impact. The ranking order by the proposed method is <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$Ar_{3}>Ar_{2}>Ar_{4}>Ar_{5} > Ar_{1}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mo>></mo> <mi>A</mi> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>></mo> <mi>A</mi> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msub> <mo>></mo> <mi>A</mi> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mn>5</mn> </msub> <mo>></mo> <mi>A</mi> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The ranking provides practical insights for policy-makers and healthcare administrators, emphasizing the need to adopt the strategic practices employed by Autoclaving. In the biomedical system, the suggested method promotes sustainable waste management techniques and offers practitioners and policy-makers a valuable tool for improving waste management strategies.</p>

A $\gamma $-Cut-Based MCDM Technique for Assessment of Biomedical Waste Management Under Generalized Heptagonal Fuzzy Environment

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发表日期：

2026年2月18日

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Totan Garai,
Cengiz Kahraman,
Xiao-Hong Pan

摘要

Healthcare is essential for survival, but poor biomedical waste management (BWM) harms the ecosystem, including plants and animals, and directly influences human health. BWM is vital to maintaining environmental sustainability and public health. There are meaningful challenges in evaluating the efficacy of BWM because of the inherent uncertainties and complexity associated with waste characteristics and disposal methods. This paper proposes a fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method for an exhaustive appraisal of the biomedical waste management. To successfully manage biomedical waste in the system, we developed a $\gamma $ $γ$ -cut area-based fuzzy MCDM method in this study. Also, to measure the performance of the BWM techniques, we invented a $\gamma $ $γ$ -cut area ranking method under the generalized heptagonal fuzzy number (GHpFN) environment. In the BWM system, we considered five BWM techniques (Incineration ( $A_{1}$ $A_{1}$ ), Microwaves ( $A_{2}$ $A_{2}$ ), Autoclaving ( $A_{3}$ $A_{3}$ ), Chemical treatment ( $A_{4}$ $A_{4}$ ), and Recycling ( $A_{5}$ $A_{5}$ )) and to assess the BWM techniques based on technological sustainability, health and safety, environmental impact, and cost-effectiveness criteria. The results revealed that autoclaving achieved the highest ranking by the cut area ranking method, indicating its superior efficiency, compliance with regulations, and environmental impact. The ranking order by the proposed method is $Ar_{3}>Ar_{2}>Ar_{4}>Ar_{5} > Ar_{1}$ $A r_{3} > A r_{2} > A r_{4} > A r_{5} > A r_{1}$ . The ranking provides practical insights for policy-makers and healthcare administrators, emphasizing the need to adopt the strategic practices employed by Autoclaving. In the biomedical system, the suggested method promotes sustainable waste management techniques and offers practitioners and policy-makers a valuable tool for improving waste management strategies.

A \(\gamma \)-Cut-Based MCDM Technique for Assessment of Biomedical Waste Management Under Generalized Heptagonal Fuzzy Environment

摘要