<p>Rising supply chain (SC) disruptions and climate change have prompted vaccine pharmaceutical companies to outsource their finished goods to cold chain logistics service providers (CCLSPs) to gain competitiveness. By effectively controlling temperature and energy consumption, these CCLSPs can preserve vaccine potency, alleviate urgent healthcare needs, and lower their carbon footprint. Therefore, for the first time, this study integrates the notions of sustainability and resilience to evaluate the CCLSPs’ performance by utilizing a novel amalgamation of the scenario-based trapezoidal fuzzy full consistency method (STFFUCOM) and an evaluation based on distance from average solution (STFEDAS) technique. In this regard, this study initially suggested the novel STFFUCOM, which not only applies fewer pairwise comparisons to compute criteria weights but also successfully addresses judgmental uncertainty by utilizing trapezoidal membership functions. Subsequently, the STFEDAS determined the CCLSPs’ ranks by successfully considering the epistemic and event-based uncertainties simultaneously. Later, a more straightforward aggregation technique known as the Borda count approach was suggested to merge multiple scenario outcomes to generate the ultimate rank. A pharmaceutical enterprise case study and a comparative analysis were presented to portray the practicality of the recommended methodology. The key findings reveal that the “Logistics cost (C₁₁)” element is critical when the CCLSPs do not experience any SC disturbances. However, during emergencies, the factors “Responsiveness (C₄₄)” and “Agility (C₄₁)” must be prioritized to boost the resilience of SC operations. On the other hand, L₁ CCLSP achieved the highest rank among other available CCLSPs. The proposed methodology and its key findings will enable organizational decision-makers to enhance their logistical performance under various scenarios, particularly during emergencies.</p>