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<p>Predicting downstream scour of spillways equipped with flip buckets remains challenging due to the complex interaction between inertial forces, turbulence structures, bed material properties. Existing empirical equations are often limited because they do not incorporate these mechanisms into a unified, physically based model. This study introduces a new index called Potential Scour Intensity (PSI), designed to provide a comprehensive, physically grounded measure for assessing erosion risk in energy dissipation basins downstream of flip buckets. The PSI is developed using high-resolution FLOW-3D CFD simulations with the RNG k–ε turbulence model, incorporating the Froude number (Fr), turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), median bed particle size (d₅₀). A parametric analysis was conducted on nine slotted flip bucket configurations with different lip, slot angles, the results underwent experimental validation against 95 laboratory experiments reported by Azamathulla et al. (2005). The findings show a strong correlation between PSI, measured scour depth (R = 0.93), confirming the index's reliability. Additionally, optimizing flip bucket geometry reduced PSI values by up to 35%, indicating a significant decrease in downstream scour potential. From an engineering perspective, the PSI offers a practical, robust tool for comparing spillway designs, optimizing energy dissipation systems under various hydraulic conditions</p>

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Introduction of the potential scour intensity (PSI) index for downstream scour assessment: FLOW-3D CFD simulations and experimental validation for slotted flip buckets

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月22日

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  • Pouya Haghighatjou,
  • Gholamreza Shams

摘要

Predicting downstream scour of spillways equipped with flip buckets remains challenging due to the complex interaction between inertial forces, turbulence structures, bed material properties. Existing empirical equations are often limited because they do not incorporate these mechanisms into a unified, physically based model. This study introduces a new index called Potential Scour Intensity (PSI), designed to provide a comprehensive, physically grounded measure for assessing erosion risk in energy dissipation basins downstream of flip buckets. The PSI is developed using high-resolution FLOW-3D CFD simulations with the RNG k–ε turbulence model, incorporating the Froude number (Fr), turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), median bed particle size (d₅₀). A parametric analysis was conducted on nine slotted flip bucket configurations with different lip, slot angles, the results underwent experimental validation against 95 laboratory experiments reported by Azamathulla et al. (2005). The findings show a strong correlation between PSI, measured scour depth (R = 0.93), confirming the index's reliability. Additionally, optimizing flip bucket geometry reduced PSI values by up to 35%, indicating a significant decrease in downstream scour potential. From an engineering perspective, the PSI offers a practical, robust tool for comparing spillway designs, optimizing energy dissipation systems under various hydraulic conditions