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<p>In the context of the Anthropocene, Mediterranean aquifer systems are increasingly threatened by climate variability, population growth, and unsustainable groundwater extraction, driving groundwater depletion and salinization across the region. Within this framework, the Grombalia Plain in northeastern Tunisia represents a critical hotspot, where an aquifer system overused by more than 400% faces declining groundwater level, quality, and elevated seawater intrusion risk. This system comprises shallow and deep units within a folded graben framed by the Hammamet and Borj Cedria normal faults, overlain by thick Quaternary deposits. The main objective of this study is to comprehend the hydrogeological framework of the Grombalia plain and to support a sustainable aquifer management strategy. We aim to delineate the regional architecture of the multilayer aquifer system, characterize the lateral and vertical variability of the Quaternary and Mio-Plio-Quaternary aquifers using integrated geophysical methods (VES and borehole logging) and geological data to establish coherent 2D and 3D hydrogeological models for effective groundwater assessment and management. Correlation of well logs and wireline data reveals pronounced heterogeneous multilayer system controlled by a major NE–SW fault network bounding the graben. Qualitative and quantitative interpretations of VES data enabled construction of iso-apparent resistivity maps at increasing investigation depths, showing high resistivity along the graben margins and lower values (10–30 Ω·m) centrally. These variations reflect alternating conductive clayey and resistive sandy layers with variable thicknesses. Advanced modeling transformed VES pseudo-sections into 2D resistivity models, delineating extensive lenticular sandy reservoirs, of 25&#xa0;m thickness to the southeast of the plain, with fresh groundwater (resistivity &gt; 20 Ω·m). Finally, we develop a conceptual hydrological model to synthesize the structural and hydrogeological dynamics of the Grombalia aquifer system. This integrative framework supports sustainable groundwater management and informs predictive modeling efforts within similar graben-controlled basins.</p>

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Geoelectrical resistivity modeling for sustainable groundwater management in Grombalia plain (Northeastern Tunisia)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月25日

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  • Amani Ben Chouchene,
  • Fethi Lachaal,
  • Lahcen Zouhri,
  • Hakim Gabtni

摘要

In the context of the Anthropocene, Mediterranean aquifer systems are increasingly threatened by climate variability, population growth, and unsustainable groundwater extraction, driving groundwater depletion and salinization across the region. Within this framework, the Grombalia Plain in northeastern Tunisia represents a critical hotspot, where an aquifer system overused by more than 400% faces declining groundwater level, quality, and elevated seawater intrusion risk. This system comprises shallow and deep units within a folded graben framed by the Hammamet and Borj Cedria normal faults, overlain by thick Quaternary deposits. The main objective of this study is to comprehend the hydrogeological framework of the Grombalia plain and to support a sustainable aquifer management strategy. We aim to delineate the regional architecture of the multilayer aquifer system, characterize the lateral and vertical variability of the Quaternary and Mio-Plio-Quaternary aquifers using integrated geophysical methods (VES and borehole logging) and geological data to establish coherent 2D and 3D hydrogeological models for effective groundwater assessment and management. Correlation of well logs and wireline data reveals pronounced heterogeneous multilayer system controlled by a major NE–SW fault network bounding the graben. Qualitative and quantitative interpretations of VES data enabled construction of iso-apparent resistivity maps at increasing investigation depths, showing high resistivity along the graben margins and lower values (10–30 Ω·m) centrally. These variations reflect alternating conductive clayey and resistive sandy layers with variable thicknesses. Advanced modeling transformed VES pseudo-sections into 2D resistivity models, delineating extensive lenticular sandy reservoirs, of 25 m thickness to the southeast of the plain, with fresh groundwater (resistivity > 20 Ω·m). Finally, we develop a conceptual hydrological model to synthesize the structural and hydrogeological dynamics of the Grombalia aquifer system. This integrative framework supports sustainable groundwater management and informs predictive modeling efforts within similar graben-controlled basins.