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<p>The rising global demand for freshwater and the limitations of conventional desalination methods emphasize the need for sustainable alternatives. Traditional thermal and membrane-based processes, though effective, are energy-intensive, expensive, and affected by fouling, scaling, and brine disposal issues. Solar desalination provides a renewable option but often suffers from low productivity. In this study, a heliostat-assisted solar dome desalination system was developed and analyzed to enhance solar radiation capture and thermal performance. The hemispherical dome geometry with a surface area of 190.85&#xa0;m² was designed using AutoCAD, and system performance was evaluated through thermal modeling implemented in MATLAB. Climatic and radiative inputs were obtained from the NASA Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resources (POWER) database, including parameters such as wind speed, sky clearness, cloud amount, clearness index, top-of-atmosphere shortwave radiation, ultraviolet irradiance, photosynthetically active radiation, and total UV index. A three-ring heliostat arrangement was incorporated to redirect solar radiation toward the dome surface, increasing the effective solar flux, particularly during off-peak solar hours. The estimated solar irradiance varied between 630.17 and 996.93&#xa0;W/m², with clear-sky conditions approaching 1000&#xa0;W/m² near solar noon. Under optimal operating conditions, the dome exhibited a maximum glass surface temperature of 134&#xa0;°C and a water surface temperature of 64&#xa0;°C, leading to substantial vapor formation inside the dome. Experimental observations showed an evaporation flux of approximately 8.9&#xa0;g/m²·hr, which is consistent with productivity levels reported for advanced solar still systems. The proposed heliostat-integrated solar dome configuration demonstrates the potential to improve solar energy utilization and enhance desalination performance in regions with high solar irradiance.</p>

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Modeling and simulation of a heliostat-integrated solar dome desalination system for water production

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月30日

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  • Neha Gautam,
  • Omkar Shinde,
  • Kalpak Shende,
  • Suyog Jain,
  • Yennam Rajesh,
  • Rajasekhar Ravula

摘要

The rising global demand for freshwater and the limitations of conventional desalination methods emphasize the need for sustainable alternatives. Traditional thermal and membrane-based processes, though effective, are energy-intensive, expensive, and affected by fouling, scaling, and brine disposal issues. Solar desalination provides a renewable option but often suffers from low productivity. In this study, a heliostat-assisted solar dome desalination system was developed and analyzed to enhance solar radiation capture and thermal performance. The hemispherical dome geometry with a surface area of 190.85 m² was designed using AutoCAD, and system performance was evaluated through thermal modeling implemented in MATLAB. Climatic and radiative inputs were obtained from the NASA Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resources (POWER) database, including parameters such as wind speed, sky clearness, cloud amount, clearness index, top-of-atmosphere shortwave radiation, ultraviolet irradiance, photosynthetically active radiation, and total UV index. A three-ring heliostat arrangement was incorporated to redirect solar radiation toward the dome surface, increasing the effective solar flux, particularly during off-peak solar hours. The estimated solar irradiance varied between 630.17 and 996.93 W/m², with clear-sky conditions approaching 1000 W/m² near solar noon. Under optimal operating conditions, the dome exhibited a maximum glass surface temperature of 134 °C and a water surface temperature of 64 °C, leading to substantial vapor formation inside the dome. Experimental observations showed an evaporation flux of approximately 8.9 g/m²·hr, which is consistent with productivity levels reported for advanced solar still systems. The proposed heliostat-integrated solar dome configuration demonstrates the potential to improve solar energy utilization and enhance desalination performance in regions with high solar irradiance.