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<p>Water demand continues to rise while river water quality declines, making it essential to optimize treatment processes, particularly the commonly used coagulation–flocculation–sedimentation method. System dynamics modeling provides an effective approach to analyze and understand complex processes such as coagulation–flocculation. This study determines key factors affecting the process and develops a system dynamics model in STELLA to optimize river water treatment. The model assesses performance based on hygiene and sanitation water quality standards outlined in Minister of Health Regulation No. 2 of 2023 and WHO guidelines, with a focus on turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and total suspended solids (TSS). Using secondary data from the coagulation–flocculation process in the Jagir River, Surabaya, this study develops and validates a model comprising the main system, coagulation–flocculation, and coagulant dosage sub-models. Simulation results indicate that the current system does not meet the standards, prompting the design of scenarios involving initial concentration, coagulant dose, and stirring speed adjustments. The optimal scenario uses FeCl₃ as the coagulant, achieving effective treatment at turbidity of 677.78 NTU and TDS of 467.78 mg.L<sup>-1</sup>, with the best performance at a coagulant dose of 10 ppm and an optimized stirring speed.</p>

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The best model behavior of coagulation-flocculation and sedimentation process for Jagir river water treatment: a system dynamics approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月10日

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  • Nurina Fitriani,
  • Raja Rafi Ramadhan,
  • Radin Maya Saphira Binti Radin Mohamed,
  • Eddy Setiadi Soedjono,
  • M Bagas Pramudya Pratama,
  • Wahid Dianbudiyanto,
  • Febri Eko Wahyudianto

摘要

Water demand continues to rise while river water quality declines, making it essential to optimize treatment processes, particularly the commonly used coagulation–flocculation–sedimentation method. System dynamics modeling provides an effective approach to analyze and understand complex processes such as coagulation–flocculation. This study determines key factors affecting the process and develops a system dynamics model in STELLA to optimize river water treatment. The model assesses performance based on hygiene and sanitation water quality standards outlined in Minister of Health Regulation No. 2 of 2023 and WHO guidelines, with a focus on turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and total suspended solids (TSS). Using secondary data from the coagulation–flocculation process in the Jagir River, Surabaya, this study develops and validates a model comprising the main system, coagulation–flocculation, and coagulant dosage sub-models. Simulation results indicate that the current system does not meet the standards, prompting the design of scenarios involving initial concentration, coagulant dose, and stirring speed adjustments. The optimal scenario uses FeCl₃ as the coagulant, achieving effective treatment at turbidity of 677.78 NTU and TDS of 467.78 mg.L-1, with the best performance at a coagulant dose of 10 ppm and an optimized stirring speed.