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<p>This study addresses the critical issue of Carbon (IV) Oxide (CO₂) emissions, a major contributor to global warming and climate change, and aligns with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13 (Climate Action). While many previous studies focus on CO₂ emissions at regional or national levels, this research introduces a global compartmental model to analyze interactions between human activity and fossil fuel consumption. Using a system of ordinary differential equations solved through the Runge-Kutta method and simulated in MATLAB, the study investigates how various factors contribute to CO₂ emissions. Results show that increase in human population and increased fossil fuel use leads to rise in CO₂ emission. Data fitting based on Newton’s Law of Cooling suggests that global temperature could rise by up to 6.57&#xa0;°C, though more realistic estimates range between 0.59&#xa0;°C and 2.46&#xa0;°C over two years. Importantly, increasing plant cover could boost CO₂ absorption, offering a significant mitigation strategy. The findings support global efforts to reduce emissions and combat climate-related threats such as rising sea levels, extreme weather, and health risks.</p>

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Modeling the role of fossil fuels and human activities in carbon (IV) oxide emissions and global warming

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月29日

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  • James Gathungu Gicheru,
  • Cyrus Gitonga Ngari,
  • Peter Wanjohi Njori

摘要

This study addresses the critical issue of Carbon (IV) Oxide (CO₂) emissions, a major contributor to global warming and climate change, and aligns with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13 (Climate Action). While many previous studies focus on CO₂ emissions at regional or national levels, this research introduces a global compartmental model to analyze interactions between human activity and fossil fuel consumption. Using a system of ordinary differential equations solved through the Runge-Kutta method and simulated in MATLAB, the study investigates how various factors contribute to CO₂ emissions. Results show that increase in human population and increased fossil fuel use leads to rise in CO₂ emission. Data fitting based on Newton’s Law of Cooling suggests that global temperature could rise by up to 6.57 °C, though more realistic estimates range between 0.59 °C and 2.46 °C over two years. Importantly, increasing plant cover could boost CO₂ absorption, offering a significant mitigation strategy. The findings support global efforts to reduce emissions and combat climate-related threats such as rising sea levels, extreme weather, and health risks.