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<p>Assessing the conservation status of forests is essential for developing effective integrated forest management programs. This study evaluates changes in forest cover density in the temperate forests of Central Mexico, utilizing visual interpretation of high-resolution aerial imagery and an adaptation of the Forest Canopy Density (FCD) model applied to Landsat imagery. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of integrating visual interpretation with the FCD model for monitoring forest canopy density and analyzing forest change processes in a temperate forest context. The study area encompasses protected areas that are critical for biodiversity conservation and water supply. An analysis of visual and spectral methods was conducted to evaluate their reliability and effectiveness in detecting changes in forest density. The results indicate a strong agreement between the methods, with FCD slightly underestimating recovery processes but effectively capturing broad-scale trends. Forest recovery processes, including passive reforestation and afforestation, were the dominant factors, accounting for 60.5% of the changes. In comparison, disturbances contributed 39.5% of the changes, possibly produced by illegal logging and climate-related events. The study highlights the advantages and limitations of both methods, emphasizing the importance of multi-scale approaches in forest monitoring. The findings provide insights into conservation strategies and the role of protected areas in mitigating forest loss.</p>

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Integrating visual interpretation and forest canopy density modeling to monitor forest canopy density in Central Mexico

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月18日

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  • José López-García,
  • Lilia de Lourdes Manzo-Delgado,
  • Gustavo Manuel Cruz-Bello,
  • Marco Antonio Torres-González

摘要

Assessing the conservation status of forests is essential for developing effective integrated forest management programs. This study evaluates changes in forest cover density in the temperate forests of Central Mexico, utilizing visual interpretation of high-resolution aerial imagery and an adaptation of the Forest Canopy Density (FCD) model applied to Landsat imagery. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of integrating visual interpretation with the FCD model for monitoring forest canopy density and analyzing forest change processes in a temperate forest context. The study area encompasses protected areas that are critical for biodiversity conservation and water supply. An analysis of visual and spectral methods was conducted to evaluate their reliability and effectiveness in detecting changes in forest density. The results indicate a strong agreement between the methods, with FCD slightly underestimating recovery processes but effectively capturing broad-scale trends. Forest recovery processes, including passive reforestation and afforestation, were the dominant factors, accounting for 60.5% of the changes. In comparison, disturbances contributed 39.5% of the changes, possibly produced by illegal logging and climate-related events. The study highlights the advantages and limitations of both methods, emphasizing the importance of multi-scale approaches in forest monitoring. The findings provide insights into conservation strategies and the role of protected areas in mitigating forest loss.