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<p>The extent to which exposure to pollution of traditional water sources can threaten public health and reduce crop yields in Malantouen remains poorly understood. This study aims to evaluate the water chemistry and their appropriateness for both domestic and agricultural uses in the Malantouen locality using hydrochemical tools, water quality indices, and the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods. A total of ninety samples were collected from surface and groundwater, covering both the rainy and dry seasons for physicochemical analysis. It was found that both surface and groundwater are acidic to neutral (5.84 ≤ pH ≤ 7.15), very weakly to weakly mineralized (23.10 µS/cm ≤ CE ≤ 105.86 µS/cm), and have two main types of water: CaMg-HCO3 and NaK-HCO3. Rock weathering is the main factor controlling water chemistry. End-member diagrams and stoichiometric analysis show that silicate rock weathering is the predominant hydrochemical process involved in rock-water interaction. Based on the total hardness (TH) (5.42&#xa0;mg/L ≤ TH ≤ 32.18&#xa0;mg/L), waters are classified as soft. The Water Quality Index (WQI) (15.69 ≤ WQI ≤ 44.36) classifies waters as good to excellent, improved using MCDM method. Based on electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio, sodium percent, permeability index, potential salinity, magnesium adsorption ratio, Kelly’s ratio, and Wilcox diagram results, surface and groundwater in the Malantouen locality are suitable for agricultural uses. However, some samples in terms of magnesium adsorption ratio are unsuitable. This work contributes to a better understanding of water resources in the context of global water constraint, with a specific focus on Cameroon. The findings will be crucial for policymakers and water resource managers to ensure the optimal and sustainable management or water resources for population welfare.</p>

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Hydrochemistry and water suitability assessment in the locality of Malantouen (Western Cameroon) using water quality indices and multi-criteria decision-making methods

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月30日

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  • Dalouta Mounkpoundap,
  • Daouda Nsangou,
  • Zakari Mfonka,
  • N. C. Mondal,
  • Paulin Sainclair Kouassy Kalédjé,
  • Amidou Moundi,
  • Jules Rémy Ndam Ngoupayou

摘要

The extent to which exposure to pollution of traditional water sources can threaten public health and reduce crop yields in Malantouen remains poorly understood. This study aims to evaluate the water chemistry and their appropriateness for both domestic and agricultural uses in the Malantouen locality using hydrochemical tools, water quality indices, and the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods. A total of ninety samples were collected from surface and groundwater, covering both the rainy and dry seasons for physicochemical analysis. It was found that both surface and groundwater are acidic to neutral (5.84 ≤ pH ≤ 7.15), very weakly to weakly mineralized (23.10 µS/cm ≤ CE ≤ 105.86 µS/cm), and have two main types of water: CaMg-HCO3 and NaK-HCO3. Rock weathering is the main factor controlling water chemistry. End-member diagrams and stoichiometric analysis show that silicate rock weathering is the predominant hydrochemical process involved in rock-water interaction. Based on the total hardness (TH) (5.42 mg/L ≤ TH ≤ 32.18 mg/L), waters are classified as soft. The Water Quality Index (WQI) (15.69 ≤ WQI ≤ 44.36) classifies waters as good to excellent, improved using MCDM method. Based on electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio, sodium percent, permeability index, potential salinity, magnesium adsorption ratio, Kelly’s ratio, and Wilcox diagram results, surface and groundwater in the Malantouen locality are suitable for agricultural uses. However, some samples in terms of magnesium adsorption ratio are unsuitable. This work contributes to a better understanding of water resources in the context of global water constraint, with a specific focus on Cameroon. The findings will be crucial for policymakers and water resource managers to ensure the optimal and sustainable management or water resources for population welfare.