<p>Enhancing and preserving carbon stocks in vegetation is crucial for mitigating climate change. This study investigates the impact of afforestation practices on carbon sequestration rates in regions of the central Alborz, located in the Kojur watershed, Iran. Land use maps for 2003, 2013, and 2023 were generated using Landsat satellite images, and predictions were made for 2035 and 2050. Twenty samples were taken from each category of aboveground carbon, litter, subsoil carbon, and soil—resulting in 380 samples in total—and analyzed in the laboratory. The carbon sequestration for different land uses was calculated using the InVEST model, which incorporated both the sequestered carbon data and the generated land use maps. The research findings revealed that 490 hectares of artificial afforestation were implemented in 2013, with an additional 1000 hectares in 2023. By 2035, aboveground carbon, litter, and subsoil carbon are projected to increase by 0.41, 5.44, and 5.27 Trillion grams (Tg), respectively. By 2050, these values are expected to further increase by 10.04, 8.09, and 7.71 Tg compared to 2023. However, soil carbon is anticipated to decrease by 0.71 Tg in 2035 and 905.20 Tg in 2050 compared to 2023. Throughout all study periods, forest land use consistently held the highest carbon reserves. Research findings indicate that initiatives aimed at protecting and restoring vegetation cover play a crucial role in carbon absorption and sequestration. These efforts effectively mitigate carbon dioxide emissions and help alleviate the adverse impacts of climate change. Therefore, integrating forest restoration into regional planning is vital for enhancing carbon sequestration and strengthening climate resilience.</p>