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<p>In this study, a mineral-organic composite adsorbent (Montm@GHBC) was synthesized using Montmorillonite clay and biochar derived from <i>Gossypium hirsutum L.</i>, the world's most widely cultivated cotton species. The composite was prepared via an impregnation-carbonization method, and its adsorptive properties were evaluated for the removal of Malachite Green (MG) dye from aqueous solutions. The fabricated adsorbent was characterized using X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). BET analysis revealed a specific surface area of 14.41 m<sup>2</sup>/g, primarily composed of mesopores, with a T-micro volume of 0.03 cm<sup>3</sup>/g and a BJH pore diameter of 61.11&#xa0;Å. FTIR analysis identified functional groups such as –OH and –COOH, which are responsible for interactions between dye molecules and the composite. Under optimal conditions (natural pH, an adsorbent dose of 0.05&#xa0;g, a contact time of 30&#xa0;min, and room temperature), the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was 110.7&#xa0;mg/g, with an adsorption efficiency of 87.07%. Nonlinear regression analysis of the kinetic and equilibrium isotherm data indicated that the adsorption of MG onto the Montm@GHBC adsorbent follows a pseudo-first-order kinetic model and fits the Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm model, suggesting a physical adsorption process. A thermodynamic study revealed that the adsorption process is exothermic and spontaneous. This study demonstrates that <i>Gossypium hirsutum L.</i> husk powder can be effectively valorized in combination with clay minerals to produce a cost-efficient and eco-friendly adsorbent material for the treatment of dye-contaminated water, specifically for the removal of MG.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Batch equilibrium and kinetic studies of Malachite green adsorption from aqueous solution using Montmorillonite@Gossypium hirsutum husk biochar composite

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月14日

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  • Constant Tcheka,
  • Narcisse Dobe,
  • Saliou Ahmadou,
  • Marrigje Marianne Conradie,
  • Daouda Abia,
  • Massai Harouna,
  • Jeanet Conradie

摘要

In this study, a mineral-organic composite adsorbent (Montm@GHBC) was synthesized using Montmorillonite clay and biochar derived from Gossypium hirsutum L., the world's most widely cultivated cotton species. The composite was prepared via an impregnation-carbonization method, and its adsorptive properties were evaluated for the removal of Malachite Green (MG) dye from aqueous solutions. The fabricated adsorbent was characterized using X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). BET analysis revealed a specific surface area of 14.41 m2/g, primarily composed of mesopores, with a T-micro volume of 0.03 cm3/g and a BJH pore diameter of 61.11 Å. FTIR analysis identified functional groups such as –OH and –COOH, which are responsible for interactions between dye molecules and the composite. Under optimal conditions (natural pH, an adsorbent dose of 0.05 g, a contact time of 30 min, and room temperature), the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was 110.7 mg/g, with an adsorption efficiency of 87.07%. Nonlinear regression analysis of the kinetic and equilibrium isotherm data indicated that the adsorption of MG onto the Montm@GHBC adsorbent follows a pseudo-first-order kinetic model and fits the Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm model, suggesting a physical adsorption process. A thermodynamic study revealed that the adsorption process is exothermic and spontaneous. This study demonstrates that Gossypium hirsutum L. husk powder can be effectively valorized in combination with clay minerals to produce a cost-efficient and eco-friendly adsorbent material for the treatment of dye-contaminated water, specifically for the removal of MG.

Graphical abstract