<p>Wetlands are invaluable ecosystems that provide essential ecological services and require continuous monitoring. This study presents a novel framework to assess the Wetland Health Index (WHI) using an indicator-based approach. The framework integrates hydro-ecological indicators, including water extent (MNDWI), vegetation health (NDVI), and water quality (NDTI), along with hydrogeomorphic (HGM) and shoreline dynamics (SLC) indicators, as well as landscape and class-level metrics. A total of 13 indicators were employed to evaluate ecosystem health using multi-temporal Landsat imagery. The framework was applied to assess the health of the Bhoj Wetland, a Ramsar site in India, from 1990 to 2022, covering both pre- and post-monsoon seasons. Results showed that 74.14% of the wetland exhibited moderate to good health in the pre-monsoon season, increasing to 88.03% post-monsoon. Core areas showed relatively better health, whereas edge zones experienced degradation due to urban encroachment and agricultural activities. However, challenges persist, including excessive vegetation growth, moderate turbidity, reduced water extent, and shoreline encroachment. Over 32-year study period, vegetation density increased, leading to the proliferation of invasive species, particularly at the edges, threatening biodiversity. Turbidity remained moderate, with higher levels in shallow areas due to nutrient runoff and sediment trapping by vegetation. Shoreline analysis revealed 36.46% of the area undergoing erosion, with habitat fragmentation more pronounced in the pre-monsoon season. This health assessment framework provides a scientific approach for wetland planning and management, enabling stakeholders in making informed decisions for conservation and restoration. Furthermore, this framework has the potential to be adapted for assessing the health of other wetlands. The study emphasizes the importance of sustainable wetland management in achieving several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 6, 12, 15).</p>