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<p>The COVID-19 pandemic presented significant challenges, necessitating effective intervention and control strategies to mitigate its spread and future outbreaks. COVID-19 primarily transmits through direct contact and aerosol dissemination via coughing or sneezing, with indirect transmission occurring when individuals touch their nose, mouth, or eyes after contacting contaminated surfaces. This paper captures the dynamics of COVID-19 using an extended classical <i>SIR</i> compartmental model, incorporating vaccination, hospitalization, and other critical factors. Utilizing data from the USA, we thoroughly analyzed the proposed model, demonstrating its non-negative and well-posedness. We examined the disease-free and endemic equilibria, conducting local and global stability analyses. We determined the basic reproduction number, <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="40808_2024_2183_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="22" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {R}_0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">R</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and discussed the sensitivity of critical parameters affecting it. We introduced four control interventions to optimize the cost-effectiveness of the model, analyzing different scenarios through numerical simulations to identify the best intervention strategy. Our results highlight that strategy A is the most cost-effective intervention. We recommend integrating personal preventive measures and continuous vaccination programs into intervention measures, offering valuable guidance for effective COVID-19 control.</p>

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Deterministic optimal control compartmental model for COVID-19 infection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月20日

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  • Bernard Asamoah Afful,
  • Godfred Agyemang Safo,
  • Daniel Marri,
  • Eric Okyere,
  • Mordecai Opoku Ohemeng,
  • Justice Amenyo Kessie

摘要

The COVID-19 pandemic presented significant challenges, necessitating effective intervention and control strategies to mitigate its spread and future outbreaks. COVID-19 primarily transmits through direct contact and aerosol dissemination via coughing or sneezing, with indirect transmission occurring when individuals touch their nose, mouth, or eyes after contacting contaminated surfaces. This paper captures the dynamics of COVID-19 using an extended classical SIR compartmental model, incorporating vaccination, hospitalization, and other critical factors. Utilizing data from the USA, we thoroughly analyzed the proposed model, demonstrating its non-negative and well-posedness. We examined the disease-free and endemic equilibria, conducting local and global stability analyses. We determined the basic reproduction number, \(\mathcal {R}_0\) R 0 , and discussed the sensitivity of critical parameters affecting it. We introduced four control interventions to optimize the cost-effectiveness of the model, analyzing different scenarios through numerical simulations to identify the best intervention strategy. Our results highlight that strategy A is the most cost-effective intervention. We recommend integrating personal preventive measures and continuous vaccination programs into intervention measures, offering valuable guidance for effective COVID-19 control.