<p>Political preferences are the result of a complex process rooted in specific psychological traits and the environmental context in which an individual operates. Scientific research provides ample evidence that these preferences are largely shaped by mechanisms that served adaptive functions throughout the evolutionary history of our species. The article focuses on the analysis of studies devoted to the evolutionary origins of political views in the domains of conservatism and liberalism. Among evolutionary interpretations, five main sources are most frequently identified as responsible for shaping these preferences: pathogen avoidance, sexual strategies, life history theory, inclusive fitness, and coalitional defense. However, many of these interpretations are limited to specific situations, and some present inconsistent conclusions. Therefore, this article proposes a unification of these concepts. In light of the research discussed, coalitional theories are considered the most coherent framework, as they encompass many different interpretations. The article also proposes a synthesis of these concepts and offers directions for future research.</p>