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<p>This study investigates the aeroelastic stability of hybrid glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminates embedded with pre-stressed NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) wires as a strategy for passive flutter suppression. Specimens were fabricated using vacuum bagging and autoclave curing, with SMA wires aligned and pre-stressed below the upper plateau stress to activate stress-induced martensitic transformation under aerodynamic loading. Numerical flutter analysis using MSC NASTRAN (SOL 145) predicted flutter onset at 20&#xa0;m/s for 4-layered GFRP specimens, while 8-layered laminates delayed instability to 40&#xa0;m/s due to increased stiffness and bending–torsional coupling. SMA integration enhanced damping by 28% and increased flutter velocity by 20% compared with baseline GFRP. Wind tunnel experiments validated these findings, showing a 30–40% reduction in vibration amplitude for 4-layered specimens and a 6–7&#xa0;Hz frequency shift with 42% displacement reduction in 8-layered specimens. Transient responses confirmed 49% faster vibration decay, with thermal activation at 40<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{\circ }\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>C further lowering amplitudes by 25–30%. Unlike aluminum inserts, which only added stiffness, SMA wires provided both stiffness and damping, enabling superior suppression of aeroelastic instabilities. The Variational Physics-Informed Neural Operator (VINO) demonstrated qualitative agreement with experiments, highlighting the potential of physics-informed digital twins for predictive aeroelastic simulations.</p>

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Aeroelastic Stability Enhancement of Composite Laminates Using Embedded Pre-Strained NiTi Shape Memory Alloys

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月30日

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  • K. Tandel,
  • R. Bhanumurthy,
  • D. Raj,
  • P. R. Budarapu

摘要

This study investigates the aeroelastic stability of hybrid glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminates embedded with pre-stressed NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) wires as a strategy for passive flutter suppression. Specimens were fabricated using vacuum bagging and autoclave curing, with SMA wires aligned and pre-stressed below the upper plateau stress to activate stress-induced martensitic transformation under aerodynamic loading. Numerical flutter analysis using MSC NASTRAN (SOL 145) predicted flutter onset at 20 m/s for 4-layered GFRP specimens, while 8-layered laminates delayed instability to 40 m/s due to increased stiffness and bending–torsional coupling. SMA integration enhanced damping by 28% and increased flutter velocity by 20% compared with baseline GFRP. Wind tunnel experiments validated these findings, showing a 30–40% reduction in vibration amplitude for 4-layered specimens and a 6–7 Hz frequency shift with 42% displacement reduction in 8-layered specimens. Transient responses confirmed 49% faster vibration decay, with thermal activation at 40 \(^{\circ }\) C further lowering amplitudes by 25–30%. Unlike aluminum inserts, which only added stiffness, SMA wires provided both stiffness and damping, enabling superior suppression of aeroelastic instabilities. The Variational Physics-Informed Neural Operator (VINO) demonstrated qualitative agreement with experiments, highlighting the potential of physics-informed digital twins for predictive aeroelastic simulations.