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Abstract <p>The use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs)-operated underground mining machinery has gained tremendous momentum as a result of their numerous advantages. This includes their high energy density, long cycle life, high voltage delivery, low heat release,&#xa0;stability, negligible memory effects,&#xa0;and&#xa0;low carbon footprint. &#xa0;Battery &#xa0;operated vehicles are also preferred in underground mines for their flexibility. They do not emit harmful pollutants during nominal&#xa0;operations, making the work environment safer for miners. However, thermal runaway (TR)&#xa0;incidents can&#xa0;occur&#xa0;which &#xa0;presents risks to miners and underground infrastructure. Therefore, it is crucial to understand battery operations and their failure mechanisms. This article outlines the advantages of LIBs, the necessary precautions for their safe operations underground, the conditions and impact of &#xa0;TR events, battery management systems, handling LIB&#xa0;fire emergencies, and the research opportunities to promote safer and widespread use.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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A perspective on the safety of large-format lithium-ion battery in underground mining operations: Thermal runaway and its mitigation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月28日

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  • Khadija Omar Said,
  • Asok Ray,
  • Ashish Ranjan Kumar

摘要

Abstract

The use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs)-operated underground mining machinery has gained tremendous momentum as a result of their numerous advantages. This includes their high energy density, long cycle life, high voltage delivery, low heat release, stability, negligible memory effects, and low carbon footprint.  Battery  operated vehicles are also preferred in underground mines for their flexibility. They do not emit harmful pollutants during nominal operations, making the work environment safer for miners. However, thermal runaway (TR) incidents can occur which  presents risks to miners and underground infrastructure. Therefore, it is crucial to understand battery operations and their failure mechanisms. This article outlines the advantages of LIBs, the necessary precautions for their safe operations underground, the conditions and impact of  TR events, battery management systems, handling LIB fire emergencies, and the research opportunities to promote safer and widespread use.

Graphical abstract