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Purpose of Review <p>This paper examines how deep-space conditions in the Artemis program, including radiation, microgravity, and other stressors affect genomic stability in blood-forming cells, with a focus on clonal hematopoiesis and sex-specific differences in DNA repair and mutation risk.</p> Recent Findings <p>Studies show space conditions promote mutations in hematopoietic stem cells, with sex-specific effects: males are more vulnerable to Y chromosome loss and structural damage, while females may experience increased epigenetic instability despite protective redundancy from the X chromosome; these risks are amplified by combined stressors like radiation, oxidative stress, and circadian disruption.</p> Summary <p>Sex chromosome differences play a key role in radiation-induced mutations and clonal expansion, highlighting the need for personalized, sex-specific medical monitoring and countermeasures rather than a uniform approach for astronauts on long-duration missions.</p>

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Genomic Instability and Clonal Hematopoiesis in the Deep-Space Environment: The Role of Sex-Chromosome Asymmetry and High-LET Radiation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月23日

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  • Roksana Zakharyan,
  • Ani Stepanyan,
  • Arpine Minasyan,
  • Suren Davitavyan,
  • Gisane Lazaryan,
  • Siras Hakobyan,
  • Agnieszka Brojakowska,
  • Malik Bisserier,
  • Susmita Sahoo,
  • Shihong Zhang,
  • Venkata Naga Srikanth Garikipati,
  • Mary K. Khlgatian,
  • Arsen Arakelyan,
  • David A. Goukassian

摘要

Purpose of Review

This paper examines how deep-space conditions in the Artemis program, including radiation, microgravity, and other stressors affect genomic stability in blood-forming cells, with a focus on clonal hematopoiesis and sex-specific differences in DNA repair and mutation risk.

Recent Findings

Studies show space conditions promote mutations in hematopoietic stem cells, with sex-specific effects: males are more vulnerable to Y chromosome loss and structural damage, while females may experience increased epigenetic instability despite protective redundancy from the X chromosome; these risks are amplified by combined stressors like radiation, oxidative stress, and circadian disruption.

Summary

Sex chromosome differences play a key role in radiation-induced mutations and clonal expansion, highlighting the need for personalized, sex-specific medical monitoring and countermeasures rather than a uniform approach for astronauts on long-duration missions.