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<p>The transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals, defined as individuals whose gender identity differs from their sex assigned at birth, may face a heightened risk of homelessness compared to their cisgender counterparts, attributable to discrimination, stigma, and a higher prevalence of substance use and mental health issues within this demographic. The literature search was conducted using three sources, i.e., electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, PsycInfo), manual search (library catalogue), and grey literature (consultation with experts and organisations). The analysis of 16 studies indicates that transgender and gender-diverse individuals are at an elevated risk of homelessness relative to the general population. Family and societal rejection, along with stigma and discrimination in homeless shelters and programs, contributing to risk. Homeless TGD persons face various psychosocial challenges, including stigma, isolation, mental health issues, access to healthcare, substance abuse, and survival strategies. Intersectionality is a critical indicator of homelessness among TGD individuals, with people of colour, youth, non-binary individuals, and those with low socio-economic status experiencing elevated risks linked to family rejection, unemployment, and mental health. To address these challenges, a comprehensive and research-backed approach is needed, drawing from gender minority stress theory and responding to their unique experiences. Psychosocial interventions should include creating safe and inclusive spaces, affirming and accessible healthcare services, and specific clinical methods such as dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), motivational interviewing (MI), peer support models, housing-focused support, and identity affirmation and resilience building.</p>

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Transgender Experiences of Homelessness: A Narrative Review of Psychosocial Support Approaches

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月15日

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  • T. Sinu Jesin,
  • K. Janaki Raman,
  • E. Aravind Raj

摘要

The transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals, defined as individuals whose gender identity differs from their sex assigned at birth, may face a heightened risk of homelessness compared to their cisgender counterparts, attributable to discrimination, stigma, and a higher prevalence of substance use and mental health issues within this demographic. The literature search was conducted using three sources, i.e., electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, PsycInfo), manual search (library catalogue), and grey literature (consultation with experts and organisations). The analysis of 16 studies indicates that transgender and gender-diverse individuals are at an elevated risk of homelessness relative to the general population. Family and societal rejection, along with stigma and discrimination in homeless shelters and programs, contributing to risk. Homeless TGD persons face various psychosocial challenges, including stigma, isolation, mental health issues, access to healthcare, substance abuse, and survival strategies. Intersectionality is a critical indicator of homelessness among TGD individuals, with people of colour, youth, non-binary individuals, and those with low socio-economic status experiencing elevated risks linked to family rejection, unemployment, and mental health. To address these challenges, a comprehensive and research-backed approach is needed, drawing from gender minority stress theory and responding to their unique experiences. Psychosocial interventions should include creating safe and inclusive spaces, affirming and accessible healthcare services, and specific clinical methods such as dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), motivational interviewing (MI), peer support models, housing-focused support, and identity affirmation and resilience building.