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<p><i>Eichhornia Crassipes</i> carbon nanotubes (EC-CNTs) constitute a potential lubricating additive, though their tribological functions are severely limited by the substantial agglomeration caused by strong hydrogen bonds. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the appropriate mode of utilising EC-CNTs. To improve the compatibility of EC-CNTs with base jatropha oil (BJO), 3-(trihydroxysilyl)-1-propanesulfonic acid (SIT) was added to the EC-CNTs. Stearamide (SA) was then grafted onto the EC-CNTs-SIT. The tribological behaviour of the prepared EC-CNTs/SA was examined using both a coating and a blending method with BJO. To ascertain its tribological tendency, the formed EC-CNTs/SA was further characterized. Through some techniques, BJO’s compatibility and dispersion stability were clearly enhanced when EC-CNTs/SA were added. Following the SA long chains’ strong interfacial interaction with BJO’s lipid molecules, EC-CNTs displayed outstanding dispersion stability in the colloidal suspension with a slight rise in viscosity. Furthermore, a high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) friction tester was used to examine the tribological behaviours of BJO+EC-CNTs/SA and coated EC-CNTs/SA to ascertain their effectiveness. At 150&#xa0;°C and 5&#xa0;Hz, doped EC-CNTs/SA showed tribological performance improvements of 22.5 and 39.3% in wear and friction, whereas coated EC-CNTs/SA yielded reductions of 31.3 and 47.3%, respectively. This was primarily caused by EC-CNTs/SA’s high dispersion stability, which enables tribo-reactions, rolling, and load-bearing functions at the sliding surface. By creating a lubricating composite layer, the coated EC-CNTs/SA may simultaneously fix surface asperities and microgrooves. This study may encourage the high-value use of coated EC-CNT/SA as a potential tribology lubricant additive.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Tribological Enhancement Comparison of EC-CNTs/CH3(CH2)16CONH2 Surfactant as Lubricant Additives Under Solution and Coated Application

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月19日

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  • Anthony Chukwunonso Opia,
  • Kumaran Kadirgama,
  • Stanley Chinedu Mamah,
  • Mohd Fairusham Ghazali,
  • Wan Sharuzi Wan Harun,
  • Augustine Agi

摘要

Eichhornia Crassipes carbon nanotubes (EC-CNTs) constitute a potential lubricating additive, though their tribological functions are severely limited by the substantial agglomeration caused by strong hydrogen bonds. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the appropriate mode of utilising EC-CNTs. To improve the compatibility of EC-CNTs with base jatropha oil (BJO), 3-(trihydroxysilyl)-1-propanesulfonic acid (SIT) was added to the EC-CNTs. Stearamide (SA) was then grafted onto the EC-CNTs-SIT. The tribological behaviour of the prepared EC-CNTs/SA was examined using both a coating and a blending method with BJO. To ascertain its tribological tendency, the formed EC-CNTs/SA was further characterized. Through some techniques, BJO’s compatibility and dispersion stability were clearly enhanced when EC-CNTs/SA were added. Following the SA long chains’ strong interfacial interaction with BJO’s lipid molecules, EC-CNTs displayed outstanding dispersion stability in the colloidal suspension with a slight rise in viscosity. Furthermore, a high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) friction tester was used to examine the tribological behaviours of BJO+EC-CNTs/SA and coated EC-CNTs/SA to ascertain their effectiveness. At 150 °C and 5 Hz, doped EC-CNTs/SA showed tribological performance improvements of 22.5 and 39.3% in wear and friction, whereas coated EC-CNTs/SA yielded reductions of 31.3 and 47.3%, respectively. This was primarily caused by EC-CNTs/SA’s high dispersion stability, which enables tribo-reactions, rolling, and load-bearing functions at the sliding surface. By creating a lubricating composite layer, the coated EC-CNTs/SA may simultaneously fix surface asperities and microgrooves. This study may encourage the high-value use of coated EC-CNT/SA as a potential tribology lubricant additive.

Graphical Abstract