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<p>Diamond and zinc metal coatings can be added to copper to greatly improve its performance, especially when it is produced using electrochemical methods. This has been mostly achieved through the increased mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and adhesion affirmed by the composite coating. The proposed research provides a new hybrid GA–PSO optimization model of Zn–diamond electrodeposited layers on copper-based substrates to allow systematic optimization of electrolyte composition and diamond particle dispersion and experimentally correlate microstructure with wear and hardness behaviour. Electrodeposition was used as a low-cost, low-temperature fabrication process, in which the content of the diamond powder, applied voltage, time of coating, and the concentration of zinc were altered to regulate the quality of coating. The results of the experimental studies were compared on the basis of a multi-criteria decision-making method, in which wear rate and hardness were taken into account as the most important responses. The hybrid GA-PSO effect has also been evaluated that offers the most desirable results and wear of 0.1338 micron/sec at 7.993 (g/l), 3.458 (V), 8.030 (min.), 16.047 (g/l) and a hardness at Rockwell scale of 51.009 at -0.035 (g/l), 3.489 (V), 1.955 (min.), 15.9519. These findings show that the proposed experimental-optimization strategy is effective and the Zn-diamond composite coating has the potential of being used in the future as an advanced heat-sink issue.</p>

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Mechanical Performance of Diamond-Reinforced Zinc Composite Coatings for Heat Sink Applications: Experimental and GA–PSO Optimization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月13日

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  • Shikha Awasthi,
  • Ankur Srivastava,
  • Lokesh Kumar,
  • Ashish Goyal,
  • Abhijit Bhowmik

摘要

Diamond and zinc metal coatings can be added to copper to greatly improve its performance, especially when it is produced using electrochemical methods. This has been mostly achieved through the increased mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and adhesion affirmed by the composite coating. The proposed research provides a new hybrid GA–PSO optimization model of Zn–diamond electrodeposited layers on copper-based substrates to allow systematic optimization of electrolyte composition and diamond particle dispersion and experimentally correlate microstructure with wear and hardness behaviour. Electrodeposition was used as a low-cost, low-temperature fabrication process, in which the content of the diamond powder, applied voltage, time of coating, and the concentration of zinc were altered to regulate the quality of coating. The results of the experimental studies were compared on the basis of a multi-criteria decision-making method, in which wear rate and hardness were taken into account as the most important responses. The hybrid GA-PSO effect has also been evaluated that offers the most desirable results and wear of 0.1338 micron/sec at 7.993 (g/l), 3.458 (V), 8.030 (min.), 16.047 (g/l) and a hardness at Rockwell scale of 51.009 at -0.035 (g/l), 3.489 (V), 1.955 (min.), 15.9519. These findings show that the proposed experimental-optimization strategy is effective and the Zn-diamond composite coating has the potential of being used in the future as an advanced heat-sink issue.