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<p>In the quest for sustainable alternatives to synthetic reinforcements, this study provides a comprehensive characterization of Himalayacalamus falconeri fiber a naturally occurring bamboo species from the Himalayas aimed at evaluating its potential for eco-friendly material development. X-ray Diffraction analysis revealed a predominant cellulose I crystalline structure with a high crystallinity index of 82.7%, indicative of well-ordered microfibrils and enhanced structural integrity. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy confirmed the presence of characteristic functional groups such as –OH, C–O–C, and aromatic C = C, consistent with cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, thereby validating the fiber’s lignocellulosic nature. Mechanical testing under uniaxial tensile loading yielded a tensile strength of 20.56&#xa0;MPa and an elongation at break of 0.53%, suggesting a favorable balance of strength and ductility. Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed a densely packed, longitudinal fibrillar architecture with surface roughness and microvoids features conducive to effective mechanical interlocking and polymer matrix adhesion in composites. Antibacterial activity, assessed via agar well diffusion, demonstrated a notable inhibition zone of 25&#xa0;mm against Escherichia coli at 100&#xa0;µg concentration, comparable to <i>streptomycin</i> (27&#xa0;mm at 10&#xa0;µg). Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy further confirmed the fiber’s antimicrobial efficacy by illustrating disrupted biofilms and compromised bacterial membranes, likely attributed to inherent phytochemical constituents. The combined attributes of high crystallinity, mechanical resilience, and intrinsic antimicrobial activity position Himalayacalamus falconeri fiber as a promising reinforcement for bio-based composites, with potential applications across packaging, automotive, renewable, sustainable and biomedical sectors.</p>

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Bio-Structural and Functional Evaluation of Himalayacalamus Falconeri Fiber: A Lignocellulosic Material for High-Performance Green Composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月25日

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  • Thandavamoorthy Raja,
  • Yuvarajan Devarajan,
  • Ganesan Subbiah,
  • Saroj Kumar Acharya,
  • Sunil Kumar,
  • Shivendu Saxena,
  • Pratima Srivastava

摘要

In the quest for sustainable alternatives to synthetic reinforcements, this study provides a comprehensive characterization of Himalayacalamus falconeri fiber a naturally occurring bamboo species from the Himalayas aimed at evaluating its potential for eco-friendly material development. X-ray Diffraction analysis revealed a predominant cellulose I crystalline structure with a high crystallinity index of 82.7%, indicative of well-ordered microfibrils and enhanced structural integrity. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy confirmed the presence of characteristic functional groups such as –OH, C–O–C, and aromatic C = C, consistent with cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, thereby validating the fiber’s lignocellulosic nature. Mechanical testing under uniaxial tensile loading yielded a tensile strength of 20.56 MPa and an elongation at break of 0.53%, suggesting a favorable balance of strength and ductility. Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed a densely packed, longitudinal fibrillar architecture with surface roughness and microvoids features conducive to effective mechanical interlocking and polymer matrix adhesion in composites. Antibacterial activity, assessed via agar well diffusion, demonstrated a notable inhibition zone of 25 mm against Escherichia coli at 100 µg concentration, comparable to streptomycin (27 mm at 10 µg). Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy further confirmed the fiber’s antimicrobial efficacy by illustrating disrupted biofilms and compromised bacterial membranes, likely attributed to inherent phytochemical constituents. The combined attributes of high crystallinity, mechanical resilience, and intrinsic antimicrobial activity position Himalayacalamus falconeri fiber as a promising reinforcement for bio-based composites, with potential applications across packaging, automotive, renewable, sustainable and biomedical sectors.