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<p>Magnesium (Mg) alloys, with bone-like mechanical properties, excellent biocompatibility, and antibacterial effects from corrosion-induced pH shifts, hold great promise for biodegradable biomedical implants. However, rapid degradation, especially via microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), hinders clinical adoption. MIC stems from complex interactions involving electrochemical reactions, microbial biofilms, and biomolecules like proteins and glucose, accelerating corrosion and threatening implant integrity. This review explores MIC mechanisms in Mg implants hydrogen evolution, oxygen reduction, biofilm-mediated pitting, and protein-metal dynamics while evaluating influencing factors such as alloy composition, environmental pH, surface modifications, and microbial diversity. These processes pose challenges like structural failure and infection risks, offer innovation opportunities. Strategic alloying with copper (Cu) or strontium (Sr), alongside advanced coatings like hydroxyapatite (HA) or metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), can enhance corrosion resistance, antibacterial efficacy, and controlled drug release. Leveraging MIC as a tunable degradation mechanism, Mg implants could become multifunctional platforms for infection prevention and tissue regeneration. Despite progress, gaps in long-term in vivo studies, coating durability, and patient-specific responses remain, necessitating rigorous research. This work consolidates current knowledge to guide next-generation Mg implant development, optimizing degradation and performance.</p>

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Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion in Magnesium Implants: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Opportunities for Biomedical Innovation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月7日

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  • Seyed Mohammad Hossein Mousavian,
  • Vasily Anatolievich Bautin

摘要

Magnesium (Mg) alloys, with bone-like mechanical properties, excellent biocompatibility, and antibacterial effects from corrosion-induced pH shifts, hold great promise for biodegradable biomedical implants. However, rapid degradation, especially via microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), hinders clinical adoption. MIC stems from complex interactions involving electrochemical reactions, microbial biofilms, and biomolecules like proteins and glucose, accelerating corrosion and threatening implant integrity. This review explores MIC mechanisms in Mg implants hydrogen evolution, oxygen reduction, biofilm-mediated pitting, and protein-metal dynamics while evaluating influencing factors such as alloy composition, environmental pH, surface modifications, and microbial diversity. These processes pose challenges like structural failure and infection risks, offer innovation opportunities. Strategic alloying with copper (Cu) or strontium (Sr), alongside advanced coatings like hydroxyapatite (HA) or metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), can enhance corrosion resistance, antibacterial efficacy, and controlled drug release. Leveraging MIC as a tunable degradation mechanism, Mg implants could become multifunctional platforms for infection prevention and tissue regeneration. Despite progress, gaps in long-term in vivo studies, coating durability, and patient-specific responses remain, necessitating rigorous research. This work consolidates current knowledge to guide next-generation Mg implant development, optimizing degradation and performance.