<p>Steeply discounting the value of nonproximal events is related to many problematic behaviors. As such, interventions have been developed to reduce discounting, with most of these efforts targeting delay discounting. However, nonproximal rewards can also be discounted because effort must be expended to acquire them (effort discounting). One intervention that successfully reduces delay discounting, and some of the problematic behavior correlated with steep delay-discounting, is episodic future thinking (EFT). However, recent research suggests that EFT does not reduce effort discounting. The current experiment evaluated if a modified episodic thinking exercise—episodic effortful thinking (EET)—could reduce effort discounting. During EET, the participant episodically thinks about future outcomes that are obtained after expending effort. Participants were randomly assigned to either an EET or a Control group. Following the EET or Control task, they completed a monetary effort-discounting task arranging hypothetical rewards. Participants in the EET group discounted the effortful rewards significantly less than the Control group. Implications and future research directions are discussed.</p>

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An Episodic Thinking Intervention to Reduce Effort Discounting

  • Sara Peck,
  • Gregory J. Madden

摘要

Steeply discounting the value of nonproximal events is related to many problematic behaviors. As such, interventions have been developed to reduce discounting, with most of these efforts targeting delay discounting. However, nonproximal rewards can also be discounted because effort must be expended to acquire them (effort discounting). One intervention that successfully reduces delay discounting, and some of the problematic behavior correlated with steep delay-discounting, is episodic future thinking (EFT). However, recent research suggests that EFT does not reduce effort discounting. The current experiment evaluated if a modified episodic thinking exercise—episodic effortful thinking (EET)—could reduce effort discounting. During EET, the participant episodically thinks about future outcomes that are obtained after expending effort. Participants were randomly assigned to either an EET or a Control group. Following the EET or Control task, they completed a monetary effort-discounting task arranging hypothetical rewards. Participants in the EET group discounted the effortful rewards significantly less than the Control group. Implications and future research directions are discussed.