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Background <p>Microorganisms exhibiting high photosynthetic efficiency and strong environmental adaptability, are capable of assimilating nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater. Microalgal biofilm technology presents a sustainable strategy for integrated wastewater remediation and CO2 capture, primarily due to their ability to overcome the harvesting bottlenecks and high energy consumption associated with suspended cultivation systems.</p> Methods <p>This review systematically evaluates frontier advances in this field, with a primary focus on energy and mass transfer dynamics. We elucidate the fundamental mechanisms and Influencing factors of biofilm formation and growth, including the critical biotic and abiotic factors.</p> Results <p>The relationship between gas-liquid transfer modes and CO2 bioconversion is critically analyzed, alongside the metabolic pathways for nitrogen, phosphorus, and emerging contaminant removal.</p> Conclusions <p>By integrating fundamental transport phenomena with nutrient recovery pathways, this review identifies key research trajectories to facilitate the industrial-scale implementation of high-efficiency microalgal biofilm systems.</p>

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Frontier Advances in Microalgal Biofilm Technology for Wastewater Treatment and CO2 Capture in Nutrients Recovery and Utilization from the Aspects of Energy and Mass Transfer

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月10日

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  • Yaping Zheng,
  • Yun Huang,
  • Xun Zhu,
  • Qiang Liao

摘要

Background

Microorganisms exhibiting high photosynthetic efficiency and strong environmental adaptability, are capable of assimilating nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater. Microalgal biofilm technology presents a sustainable strategy for integrated wastewater remediation and CO2 capture, primarily due to their ability to overcome the harvesting bottlenecks and high energy consumption associated with suspended cultivation systems.

Methods

This review systematically evaluates frontier advances in this field, with a primary focus on energy and mass transfer dynamics. We elucidate the fundamental mechanisms and Influencing factors of biofilm formation and growth, including the critical biotic and abiotic factors.

Results

The relationship between gas-liquid transfer modes and CO2 bioconversion is critically analyzed, alongside the metabolic pathways for nitrogen, phosphorus, and emerging contaminant removal.

Conclusions

By integrating fundamental transport phenomena with nutrient recovery pathways, this review identifies key research trajectories to facilitate the industrial-scale implementation of high-efficiency microalgal biofilm systems.