Purpose of Review <p>Malnutrition affects up to 76% of critically injured patients and independently predicts mortality, infectious complications, and prolonged hospitalization. Despite its clinical significance, nutritional assessment remains systematically under-addressed in trauma care. This review provides an updated, evidence-based framework for nutritional management of critically injured patients from admission through discharge.</p> Recent Findings <p>The modified Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill (mNUTRIC) score is the only nutritional screening tool validated in trauma populations with scores ≥ 5 identifying patients who benefit from optimized nutrition delivery. Early enteral nutrition within 24–48&#xa0;h is associated with improved outcomes in hemodynamically stable patients, with traumatic brain injury patients showing the strongest mortality benefit (65% reduction). Recent large, randomized trials have fundamentally challenged the “more is better” approach to protein supplementation: high-dose protein (&gt; 2.0&#xa0;g/kg/day) provides no benefit and may cause harm, supporting targets of ≤ 1.2&#xa0;g/kg/day in the early acute phase with escalation to 1.5–2.0&#xa0;g/kg/day as patients transition to the chronic and convalescent phases. Trophic feeding, compared to full feeding, during hemodynamic instability is associated with fewer complications. Glycemic targets of 140–180&#xa0;mg/dL optimize outcomes, while routine glutamine and antioxidant supplementation is not recommended. Indirect calorimetry, when available, outperforms predictive equations that are oftentimes inaccurate in trauma patients.</p> Summary <p>Trauma-specific nutrition evidence remains sparse, with most recommendations extrapolated from general critical care populations. Clinicians should prioritize early screening, timely enteral nutrition initiation, moderate protein delivery, and continued nutritional support through discharge and recovery.</p>