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<p>Biomagnetic monitoring is widely used to investigate airborne magnetic particles, but most applications have focused on large metropolitan or industrial regions where particle concentrations are relatively high. This study evaluates whether flowering cherry leaves (<i>Prunus × yedoensis</i>) can provide measurable biomagnetic signals in a regional urban environment with relatively low levels of air pollution and record spatial and seasonal variations in airborne magnetite. A total of 222 cube samples were collected from 17 sites in Toyama City, Japan, during six sampling campaigns between May and November 2019. The sampling sites included urban, intermediate, and mountainous settings. Room-temperature rock magnetic measurements, low-temperature remanence analyses, and crossover plot analyses were used to characterize magnetic concentration, mineralogy, and effective magnetic domain state. The magnetic particles on the leaves were dominated by single-domain, partially oxidized magnetite, with broadly similar magnetic mineralogy and coercivity characteristics among sites and sampling periods. Leaf-area-normalized saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) intensities were higher at urban sites than at intermediate and mountainous sites. SIRM intensity generally increased from spring to autumn, indicating seasonal accumulation of magnetic particles on leaf surfaces. Measurements after a period of heavy rainfall showed that measurable magnetic particles remained on the leaves, although the observed values likely reflect combined effects of retention, wash-off, re-deposition, and continued emissions. These results demonstrate that flowering cherry leaves can serve as passive biomonitors of airborne magnetite even in regional urban environments with relatively low levels of air pollution. The observed spatial and temporal patterns are consistent with local urban activities contributing additional magnetic particles to a regional background, although episodic external inputs, such as Asian dust events, cannot be completely excluded.</p>

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Flowering Cherry Leaves as Passive Biomonitors of Airborne Magnetite in Less Polluted Urban Environments

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月8日

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  • Kazuo Kawasaki,
  • Nagisa Sawada

摘要

Biomagnetic monitoring is widely used to investigate airborne magnetic particles, but most applications have focused on large metropolitan or industrial regions where particle concentrations are relatively high. This study evaluates whether flowering cherry leaves (Prunus × yedoensis) can provide measurable biomagnetic signals in a regional urban environment with relatively low levels of air pollution and record spatial and seasonal variations in airborne magnetite. A total of 222 cube samples were collected from 17 sites in Toyama City, Japan, during six sampling campaigns between May and November 2019. The sampling sites included urban, intermediate, and mountainous settings. Room-temperature rock magnetic measurements, low-temperature remanence analyses, and crossover plot analyses were used to characterize magnetic concentration, mineralogy, and effective magnetic domain state. The magnetic particles on the leaves were dominated by single-domain, partially oxidized magnetite, with broadly similar magnetic mineralogy and coercivity characteristics among sites and sampling periods. Leaf-area-normalized saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) intensities were higher at urban sites than at intermediate and mountainous sites. SIRM intensity generally increased from spring to autumn, indicating seasonal accumulation of magnetic particles on leaf surfaces. Measurements after a period of heavy rainfall showed that measurable magnetic particles remained on the leaves, although the observed values likely reflect combined effects of retention, wash-off, re-deposition, and continued emissions. These results demonstrate that flowering cherry leaves can serve as passive biomonitors of airborne magnetite even in regional urban environments with relatively low levels of air pollution. The observed spatial and temporal patterns are consistent with local urban activities contributing additional magnetic particles to a regional background, although episodic external inputs, such as Asian dust events, cannot be completely excluded.