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<p>This work evaluates the feasibility of producing porous carbons from sewage sludge (SS) generated in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for humic acid (HA) removal from landfill leachate within a circular economy framework. Porous carbons were prepared from SS through demineralisation and activation processes. The effects of different activation methods on the physicochemical properties and adsorption performance of the resulting materials were investigated. The carbons were characterised and their HAs adsorption performance was assessed in both model solutions and landfill leachate. Sludge demineralisation improved carbon content, reduced ash content and enhanced porosity, especially when combined with K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> chemical activation. The resulting carbon, DSD-K2CO3, showed the best performance, with a maximum uptake capacity of 116&#xa0;mg/g, high specific surface area (950&#xa0;m²/g) and a predominantly mesoporous structure, outperforming a commercial activated carbon (80.4&#xa0;mg/g). Adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, highlighting the role of active sites. The superior performance is attributed to both textural and surface properties. WWTP sludge can be converted into efficient and sustainable adsorbents for landfill leachate treatment providing a sustainable and value-added route for SS management.</p>

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Wastewater Sludge-Derived Adsorbents for Landfill Leachate Treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • I. Oliveira,
  • M. Bernardo,
  • M. Rocha,
  • I. Matos,
  • I. M. Fonseca,
  • N. Lapa

摘要

This work evaluates the feasibility of producing porous carbons from sewage sludge (SS) generated in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for humic acid (HA) removal from landfill leachate within a circular economy framework. Porous carbons were prepared from SS through demineralisation and activation processes. The effects of different activation methods on the physicochemical properties and adsorption performance of the resulting materials were investigated. The carbons were characterised and their HAs adsorption performance was assessed in both model solutions and landfill leachate. Sludge demineralisation improved carbon content, reduced ash content and enhanced porosity, especially when combined with K2CO3 chemical activation. The resulting carbon, DSD-K2CO3, showed the best performance, with a maximum uptake capacity of 116 mg/g, high specific surface area (950 m²/g) and a predominantly mesoporous structure, outperforming a commercial activated carbon (80.4 mg/g). Adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, highlighting the role of active sites. The superior performance is attributed to both textural and surface properties. WWTP sludge can be converted into efficient and sustainable adsorbents for landfill leachate treatment providing a sustainable and value-added route for SS management.