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<p>Urban stormwater runoff quality modelling in tropical megacities is constrained by the limited transferability of temperate-based models and lack of integrated workflows. This study develops and applies a novel GIS–SWMM–Export Coefficient (EC) framework to quantify pollutant export from an institutional township covering approximately 2.23 km<sup>2</sup> in Mumbai, India. The integrated methodology combines catchment delineation, land-use classification, and process-based simulations with event monitoring. The SWMM model was calibrated and validated using four monsoon rainfall events for Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Oil &amp; Grease (O&amp;G). Model performance was robust for achieving Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency values in the range of 0.87–0.99. The model predictions indicate strong agreement for TSS (R<sup>2</sup>: 0.9 to 0.99), but showed higher uncertainties for BOD and O&amp;G, reflecting the complex biogeochemical processes governing these pollutants. Sensitivity analysis identified maximum pollutant build-up and the wash-off exponent as the most critical parameters. Road surfaces were identified as the dominant source hotspot, exporting the highest loads of TSS and O&amp;G due to vehicular activity, fugitive dust and high-intensity monsoon wash-off. Event-specific export coefficients were developed, which were around 204 ± 61&#xa0;kg/ha-event for TSS, 7.82 ± 1.89&#xa0;kg/ha-event for BOD. The study concludes that the framework is a reliable decision-support tool for identifying spatial hotspots and guiding sediment-focused management. However, predictions for organic and hydrocarbon pollutants require caution due to their episodic nature and methodological limitations. This integrated approach provides a transferable methodology for stormwater quality assessment in data-scarce tropical urban catchments.</p>

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A GIS-SWMM-Export Coefficient Framework for Modelling Urban Stormwater Quality Under Tropical Monsoon Conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • Jyoti Mishra,
  • Venkata Sai Vamsi Botlaguduru

摘要

Urban stormwater runoff quality modelling in tropical megacities is constrained by the limited transferability of temperate-based models and lack of integrated workflows. This study develops and applies a novel GIS–SWMM–Export Coefficient (EC) framework to quantify pollutant export from an institutional township covering approximately 2.23 km2 in Mumbai, India. The integrated methodology combines catchment delineation, land-use classification, and process-based simulations with event monitoring. The SWMM model was calibrated and validated using four monsoon rainfall events for Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Oil & Grease (O&G). Model performance was robust for achieving Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency values in the range of 0.87–0.99. The model predictions indicate strong agreement for TSS (R2: 0.9 to 0.99), but showed higher uncertainties for BOD and O&G, reflecting the complex biogeochemical processes governing these pollutants. Sensitivity analysis identified maximum pollutant build-up and the wash-off exponent as the most critical parameters. Road surfaces were identified as the dominant source hotspot, exporting the highest loads of TSS and O&G due to vehicular activity, fugitive dust and high-intensity monsoon wash-off. Event-specific export coefficients were developed, which were around 204 ± 61 kg/ha-event for TSS, 7.82 ± 1.89 kg/ha-event for BOD. The study concludes that the framework is a reliable decision-support tool for identifying spatial hotspots and guiding sediment-focused management. However, predictions for organic and hydrocarbon pollutants require caution due to their episodic nature and methodological limitations. This integrated approach provides a transferable methodology for stormwater quality assessment in data-scarce tropical urban catchments.