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<p>The Pinios River Basin (PRB) in the Thessaly water District, Greece, is the country’s most important agricultural region. However, intensive farming practices have led to the degradation of both the quantity and quality of surface water and groundwater. The adoption of bioenergy crops into existing cropping systems, can be a promising practice that can lead to environmental benefits in combination with the potential of producing renewable energy. The current study investigates switchgrass, a low-input, resource-efficient energy crop, as an ideal candidate for sustainable implementation in the irrigated cropland. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was first used to develop a representative model of the PRB and evaluate its current hydrological and nitrate (N-NO<sub>3</sub>) water pollution. A multi-objective Genetic Algorithm embedded in MATLAB was linked to SWAT and identified optimum spatial allocations of the bioenergy crop in the irrigated land, with respect to the net farmers’ income, biomass production and water quality and quantity. The analysis of the resulting trade-off curves demonstrated highly encouraging outcomes, with even the most environmentally conservative solution achieving a 5% annual reduction in N-NO<sub>3</sub> water loads and a 5.6% reduction in irrigation water consumption across the entire basin. Furthermore, under this spatial allocation scheme, 0.44 × 10<sup>6</sup> tons of biomass were annually produced from the bioenergy crop, while maintaining the total net agricultural income at the usual levels. The efficient and easily-transferable optimization tool developed in this study is able to guide river basin decisions to support environmental, agricultural and bioenergy production sustainability.</p>

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Multi-Objective Optimization Linking NSGA-II and SWAT Bioenergy Crop Simulations for Cost-Effective Reductions of Nitrate Load and Irrigation Water

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月4日

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  • Lamprini Kokkinaki,
  • Maria Sismanidi,
  • Haralampos Georgoussis,
  • Sofia Kavalieratou,
  • Kyriakos D. Giannoulis,
  • Yiannis Panagopoulos

摘要

The Pinios River Basin (PRB) in the Thessaly water District, Greece, is the country’s most important agricultural region. However, intensive farming practices have led to the degradation of both the quantity and quality of surface water and groundwater. The adoption of bioenergy crops into existing cropping systems, can be a promising practice that can lead to environmental benefits in combination with the potential of producing renewable energy. The current study investigates switchgrass, a low-input, resource-efficient energy crop, as an ideal candidate for sustainable implementation in the irrigated cropland. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was first used to develop a representative model of the PRB and evaluate its current hydrological and nitrate (N-NO3) water pollution. A multi-objective Genetic Algorithm embedded in MATLAB was linked to SWAT and identified optimum spatial allocations of the bioenergy crop in the irrigated land, with respect to the net farmers’ income, biomass production and water quality and quantity. The analysis of the resulting trade-off curves demonstrated highly encouraging outcomes, with even the most environmentally conservative solution achieving a 5% annual reduction in N-NO3 water loads and a 5.6% reduction in irrigation water consumption across the entire basin. Furthermore, under this spatial allocation scheme, 0.44 × 106 tons of biomass were annually produced from the bioenergy crop, while maintaining the total net agricultural income at the usual levels. The efficient and easily-transferable optimization tool developed in this study is able to guide river basin decisions to support environmental, agricultural and bioenergy production sustainability.