<p>For a given finite extension <i>K</i> over <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {Q}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Q</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, let <i>L</i>/<i>K</i> be a finite Galois extension with Galois group <i>G</i>. Then, by the normal basis theorem, there exists <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \in L\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> such that <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L = K[G] \cdot \alpha \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> <mo>·</mo> <mi>α</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <i>K</i>[<i>G</i>] is the group ring. Such an element <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is called a normal basis generator. We say <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \in L\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a completely normal basis generator, if <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a normal basis generator for <i>L</i>/<i>F</i> for every intermediate field <i>F</i> such that <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(K\subset F\subset L\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>K</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <mi>F</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In this article, we prove the following result. Let <i>L</i>/<i>K</i> be a finite Galois extension of number fields with Galois group <i>G</i>. If <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L\subset \mathbb {R}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <i>G</i> is an abelian group or dihedral group, then there exists a Pisot–Vijayaraghavan number <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \in L\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> such that for any natural number <i>m</i>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha ^m\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>α</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a primitive element as well as a completely normal basis generator of <i>L</i>/<i>K</i>. As an application of our result, we prove the following upper bound for the index, when <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L = K\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>K</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(K = \mathbb {Q}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>K</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Q</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in the above result, to get <Equation ID="Equ6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( [\mathcal {O}_K: \mathbb {Z}[G]\cdot \alpha ] \le \left( \tau ^{n-1}|d_K|^{\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2n}}+1\right) ^{n} \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">O</mi> <mi>K</mi> </msub> <mo>:</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mo>·</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mo>≤</mo> <msup> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msup> <mi>τ</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mi>K</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mfenced> <mi>n</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n = [K:\mathbb {Q}]\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tau =\phi (n)n &gt;1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>τ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> when <i>G</i> is abelian and <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tau = n+1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>τ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> when <i>G</i> is dihedral group of order <i>n</i>. We also classify the extension of prime degree related to this. We use resolvents and technique from geometry of numbers.</p>

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PV number as a completely normal basis generator of finite abelian extensions or dihedral extensions of number fields

  • Sudipa Das,
  • R. Thangadurai

摘要

For a given finite extension K over \(\mathbb {Q}\) Q , let L/K be a finite Galois extension with Galois group G. Then, by the normal basis theorem, there exists \(\alpha \in L\) α L such that \(L = K[G] \cdot \alpha \) L = K [ G ] · α , where K[G] is the group ring. Such an element \(\alpha \) α is called a normal basis generator. We say \(\alpha \in L\) α L is a completely normal basis generator, if \(\alpha \) α is a normal basis generator for L/F for every intermediate field F such that \(K\subset F\subset L\) K F L . In this article, we prove the following result. Let L/K be a finite Galois extension of number fields with Galois group G. If \(L\subset \mathbb {R}\) L R and G is an abelian group or dihedral group, then there exists a Pisot–Vijayaraghavan number \(\alpha \in L\) α L such that for any natural number m, \(\alpha ^m\) α m is a primitive element as well as a completely normal basis generator of L/K. As an application of our result, we prove the following upper bound for the index, when \(L = K\) L = K and \(K = \mathbb {Q}\) K = Q in the above result, to get \( [\mathcal {O}_K: \mathbb {Z}[G]\cdot \alpha ] \le \left( \tau ^{n-1}|d_K|^{\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2n}}+1\right) ^{n} \) [ O K : Z [ G ] · α ] τ n - 1 | d K | 1 2 - 1 2 n + 1 n where \(n = [K:\mathbb {Q}]\) n = [ K : Q ] , \(\tau =\phi (n)n >1\) τ = ϕ ( n ) n > 1 when G is abelian and \(\tau = n+1\) τ = n + 1 when G is dihedral group of order n. We also classify the extension of prime degree related to this. We use resolvents and technique from geometry of numbers.