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<p>The rapid growth of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicles (EVs), consumer products, and renewable energy storage has generated growing amounts of spent lithium-ion batteries (SLIBs), which have provoked significant environmental and economic concerns. In this paper, the recycling and recovery of valuable cathode materials like lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO₂), lithium manganese oxide (LiMn₂O₄), lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO₂), and lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄) are presented. A broad overview of the efficiency, environmental pollution, and economy of hydrometallurgical, pyrometallurgical, and direct recycling techniques is presented. Furthermore, the study examines new uses of recovered cathode materials, such as transition metal-based OER and ORR catalysts and photocatalysts. Particular emphasis is placed on thermo-catalysts for the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and catalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for pollutant degradation, hinting at their industrial and environmental applications. Through the integration of recycling ideas with new material upcycling, this research makes contributions to green energy storage technologies, environmental purification, and the creation of a circular economy for the treatment of LIB waste. In a hydrometallurgical recycling project, the recycling of spent LiCoO₂ batteries yielded over 98% recovery of cobalt and lithium. Photocatalysts made from recycled materials showed 93% degradation of methylene blue after 90&#xa0;min of UV–Vis irradiation, while electrocatalysts exhibited an oxygen reduction half-wave potential (E₁/₂) of 0.88&#xa0;V vs. RHE, similar to the commercial Pt/C catalyst. Overall, these results indicate excellent recovery efficiencies and catalytic reusability properties of recycled cathode materials.</p>

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Next-Generation Catalysts from Spent Lithium-ion Battery Cathodes: A Sustainable Recycling Paradigm

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月10日

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  • Tarek Abedin,
  • Monowar Mahmud,
  • Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar,
  • T. M. Yunus Khan,
  • Mohammad Nur-E-Alam

摘要

The rapid growth of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicles (EVs), consumer products, and renewable energy storage has generated growing amounts of spent lithium-ion batteries (SLIBs), which have provoked significant environmental and economic concerns. In this paper, the recycling and recovery of valuable cathode materials like lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO₂), lithium manganese oxide (LiMn₂O₄), lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO₂), and lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄) are presented. A broad overview of the efficiency, environmental pollution, and economy of hydrometallurgical, pyrometallurgical, and direct recycling techniques is presented. Furthermore, the study examines new uses of recovered cathode materials, such as transition metal-based OER and ORR catalysts and photocatalysts. Particular emphasis is placed on thermo-catalysts for the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and catalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for pollutant degradation, hinting at their industrial and environmental applications. Through the integration of recycling ideas with new material upcycling, this research makes contributions to green energy storage technologies, environmental purification, and the creation of a circular economy for the treatment of LIB waste. In a hydrometallurgical recycling project, the recycling of spent LiCoO₂ batteries yielded over 98% recovery of cobalt and lithium. Photocatalysts made from recycled materials showed 93% degradation of methylene blue after 90 min of UV–Vis irradiation, while electrocatalysts exhibited an oxygen reduction half-wave potential (E₁/₂) of 0.88 V vs. RHE, similar to the commercial Pt/C catalyst. Overall, these results indicate excellent recovery efficiencies and catalytic reusability properties of recycled cathode materials.