Physicochemical Aspects of Platinum Nanoparticles (PtNPs) from Biological Synthesis: Influence of Plant Leaf Based Extracts as the Reducing Agent

This study reports the biological synthesis of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) using leaf extracts of kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC), common basil (Ocimum basilicum Linn) and fragrant pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb). These extracts contain sugars, terpenoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, phenolic acids, and proteins, which play an essential role in reducing Pt (IV) solutions to platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs). The PtNPs were extensively characterized, exhibiting spherical morphologies and particle sizes between 20 and 80 nm as indicated by TEM imaging. As shown by the UV–Visible Spectroscopy, the maximum absorption of platinum nanoparticles is at 256 nm. Furthermore, the electrochemical sensor exhibits good analytical performances in detecting glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the real samples.