Purpose of Review <p>Automation has pushed industries to operate around the clock and increased the need for extended and nighttime working times. Here we explore the effects of fatigue from sleep loss in highly automated operational settings, and how technology shapes the way these effects are managed.</p> Recent Findings <p>The influx of technology and automation into the modern workplace has shifted the emphasis of human work activity toward systems monitoring and intervening tasks. Such tasks place a high burden on sustained attention and attentional control, and recent findings have shown that these aspects of cognition are highly sensitive to fatigue due to sleep loss. Technological developments in fatigue detection and management can be brought to bear on addressing the associated risks.</p> Summary <p>Automation has made workplaces safer and more productive, but by helping to extend industrial activity to all hours of the day, it has also created new, fatigue-related risks to safety and productivity. Research is needed to better understand the functioning of fatigued individuals in highly automated environments and the effective mitigation of fatigue-related risk.</p>