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<p>Manikin-based simulation is well established for formative use in undergraduate medical education, but its role in summative assessment is less defined, particularly in pre-clerkship learners. We describe a three-phase framework for developing valid and reliable manikin-based summative assessments aligned with program objectives. The framework integrates curriculum mapping, cognitive task analysis, structured scenario design, expert and near-peer testing, standard setting, and rater training. Lessons learned highlight common challenges such as test security, rater workload, and cognitive load. Practical tips and limitations are offered to guide replication at other institutions.</p>

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A Framework for Designing Valid Manikin-Based Summative Assessments in Undergraduate Medical Education

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月23日

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  • Jannet Lee-Jayaram,
  • Alexander J. Bos,
  • Dennis Bolger Jr.,
  • Kristine Hara,
  • Damon Lee,
  • Benjamin W. Berg

摘要

Manikin-based simulation is well established for formative use in undergraduate medical education, but its role in summative assessment is less defined, particularly in pre-clerkship learners. We describe a three-phase framework for developing valid and reliable manikin-based summative assessments aligned with program objectives. The framework integrates curriculum mapping, cognitive task analysis, structured scenario design, expert and near-peer testing, standard setting, and rater training. Lessons learned highlight common challenges such as test security, rater workload, and cognitive load. Practical tips and limitations are offered to guide replication at other institutions.