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Introduction <p>Mobile applications (apps) have gained prominence in health education, particularly for teaching human anatomy, by offering interactive and personalised platforms that enhance learning for both educators and students. Mobile Application Rubric for Learning (MARuL), a validated assessment tool, was designed to rate the quality of educational apps focusing on the teaching and learning aspects. This study aimed to systematically search and evaluate the quality of human anatomy apps for student learning using MARuL.</p> Methods <p>The iOS App Store was searched using related keywords. The inclusion criteria were: English language, focus on human anatomy learning, non-gaming apps, a star rating of&#xa0;4.0 or above, and availability of a free version. Two trained reviewers rated the apps independently. Results were computed using Jamovi 2.3.28 and Microsoft Excel (version 16).</p> Results <p>The systematic search resulted in 20 relevant apps for evaluation. The reliability measures between the two raters in the overall MARuL score showed good reliability with ICC = 0.821 (95% CI: 0.602–0.925). The top three apps with the highest MARuL score are <i>BioDigital Human 3D Anatomy</i>, <i>TeachMeAnatomy</i> and <i>Anatomyka Atlas</i>. Among the four sections assessed in MARuL evaluation (Teaching and Learning, User-centred, Professionalism, and Usability), the Usability section emerged as the highest-rated domain, largely because most apps focused on aesthetics, functionality, ease of use, and technical specifications.</p> Conclusion <p>The three highest-scoring apps demonstrated high quality and fulfilled the criterion as <i>probably valuable</i> according to the MARuL scale. Future research should assess the effectiveness of top-rated apps in undergraduate anatomy pedagogy.</p>

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Content Analysis of Human Anatomy Mobile Apps for Undergraduate Student Learning using MARuL

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月20日

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  • Husna Zahirah Md Reshad,
  • Syahrir Zaini,
  • Nurul Asyiqin Yusof

摘要

Introduction

Mobile applications (apps) have gained prominence in health education, particularly for teaching human anatomy, by offering interactive and personalised platforms that enhance learning for both educators and students. Mobile Application Rubric for Learning (MARuL), a validated assessment tool, was designed to rate the quality of educational apps focusing on the teaching and learning aspects. This study aimed to systematically search and evaluate the quality of human anatomy apps for student learning using MARuL.

Methods

The iOS App Store was searched using related keywords. The inclusion criteria were: English language, focus on human anatomy learning, non-gaming apps, a star rating of 4.0 or above, and availability of a free version. Two trained reviewers rated the apps independently. Results were computed using Jamovi 2.3.28 and Microsoft Excel (version 16).

Results

The systematic search resulted in 20 relevant apps for evaluation. The reliability measures between the two raters in the overall MARuL score showed good reliability with ICC = 0.821 (95% CI: 0.602–0.925). The top three apps with the highest MARuL score are BioDigital Human 3D Anatomy, TeachMeAnatomy and Anatomyka Atlas. Among the four sections assessed in MARuL evaluation (Teaching and Learning, User-centred, Professionalism, and Usability), the Usability section emerged as the highest-rated domain, largely because most apps focused on aesthetics, functionality, ease of use, and technical specifications.

Conclusion

The three highest-scoring apps demonstrated high quality and fulfilled the criterion as probably valuable according to the MARuL scale. Future research should assess the effectiveness of top-rated apps in undergraduate anatomy pedagogy.