Background <p>This pilot study is concerned with the analysis of preventive screening measures in professional women’s handball. It examines the risk of suffering from injuries and the effect of preventive measures, i.e. the impairment of health.</p> Methods <p>The analysis is based on screening results on injuries from the 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 seasons. The data on the frequency of injuries before and after the screening measures and the differences of the distribution of injuries according to the limb region, age-related overload tendencies and position-specific injury types were evaluated using inferential statistical methods (binomial distribution, Wilcoxon test, and χ²-test). In addition, an online survey was carried out among the players during the abovenamed seasons as well as qualitative interviews with the trainer and a physiotherapist, which provided practical insights.</p> Results <p>No accumulation of overload injuries with increasing age was found. A much more frequent occurrence of abnormalities was found in the lower extremity tests.</p> Conclusion <p>The interviews in particular highlighted the practical limitations, especially limited time, resources and insufficient follow-up on the effectiveness of preventive screening measures. The analysis confirmed that screening alone without follow-up measures can only result in a limited impact. The findings highlight the complexity of sport-related injuries in handball and show the multifactorial nature of their development. The results provide important impulse for the development of individualized prevention strategies in elite sports. The current knowledge from the literature also indicates the success of preventive measures oriented to the sport-specific requirements and risk profiles.</p>