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<p> Adolescents may show non-specific emotional and behavioral problems after exposure to potentially traumatic experiences (PTE). Interpersonal traumatic experiences such as physical sexual abuse (PSA) seem to be associated with higher symptom severity than non-interpersonal experiences. This study assessed the number and nature of PTE in a clinical sample of 105 adolescents between 14 and 20 years of age and examined their associations with the symptom severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), general anxiety, and symptoms of borderline personality disorder. 94% of the adolescents who consulted a child and adolescent psychiatric outpatient clinic experienced at least one PTE, while on average, four PTEs were experienced. Higher numbers of PTEs were associated with more PTSD symptoms, but also with more symptoms of depression, anxiety, ADHD, and borderline personality disorder. Participants who had experienced PSA had a 9-folded risk for clinically significant PTSD symptoms than participants who had experienced other PTE but no PSA. Participants who identified as transgender or gender diverse (TGD) as well as cis-female adolescents reported higher rates of PSA than individuals who identified as cisgender males. The results underscore that adolescents with psychiatric disorders regularly experienced multiple PTE. Adolescents who were exposed to PSA are at particularly high risk of developing severe psychiatric disorders. Cis-female and TGD adolescents seem to be at a higher risk for PSA than cisgender males. The co-occurrence of a variety of symptoms of different psychiatric disorders poses the challenge of not overlooking relevant traumatic experiences during the diagnostic process.</p>

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Beyond Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: Multiple Exposures to Traumatic Experiences are Associated with Increased Symptoms of a Variety of Psychiatric Disorders in Adolescents

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月5日

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  • Alexander Pütz,
  • Gerhard Hapfelmeier,
  • Alexandra Martin,
  • Stephan Bender,
  • Marco Walg

摘要

Adolescents may show non-specific emotional and behavioral problems after exposure to potentially traumatic experiences (PTE). Interpersonal traumatic experiences such as physical sexual abuse (PSA) seem to be associated with higher symptom severity than non-interpersonal experiences. This study assessed the number and nature of PTE in a clinical sample of 105 adolescents between 14 and 20 years of age and examined their associations with the symptom severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), general anxiety, and symptoms of borderline personality disorder. 94% of the adolescents who consulted a child and adolescent psychiatric outpatient clinic experienced at least one PTE, while on average, four PTEs were experienced. Higher numbers of PTEs were associated with more PTSD symptoms, but also with more symptoms of depression, anxiety, ADHD, and borderline personality disorder. Participants who had experienced PSA had a 9-folded risk for clinically significant PTSD symptoms than participants who had experienced other PTE but no PSA. Participants who identified as transgender or gender diverse (TGD) as well as cis-female adolescents reported higher rates of PSA than individuals who identified as cisgender males. The results underscore that adolescents with psychiatric disorders regularly experienced multiple PTE. Adolescents who were exposed to PSA are at particularly high risk of developing severe psychiatric disorders. Cis-female and TGD adolescents seem to be at a higher risk for PSA than cisgender males. The co-occurrence of a variety of symptoms of different psychiatric disorders poses the challenge of not overlooking relevant traumatic experiences during the diagnostic process.