<p>Artificial intelligence technology has demonstrated significant potential in the field of special education. This study employs systematic literature review and content analysis to examine research advancements and practical applications of AI in special education, revealing its multifaceted empowering effects in addressing the educational needs of students with disabilities, enhancing education quality, and promoting employment opportunities for individuals with special needs, all supported by policy and human capital factors. However, global practices face common challenges such as adaptation to disability heterogeneity and social cognitive biases. Within the Chinese cultural context, traditional “deficit-centered” perceptions of disability often limit the breadth of technological application. This study proposes that China, while drawing on international frontier practices, should integrate contemporary educational values to achieve a localized paradigm shift from compensating for deficits to activating potential, thereby constructing a more culturally inclusive smart special education system.</p>