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<p>Climate change and increasing water scarcity are major threats to coffee production, particularly during the flowering phase of <i>Coffea arabica</i> L., which determines yield and bean quality. Drought and irregular rainfall can impair floral development, yet the underlying transcriptional and metabolic mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study analyzed flower buds of <i>C. arabica</i> “Catuaí Vermelho” grown under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and assess transcriptional variation across apical, medial, and basal branch positions. RNA sequencing was performed on the Illumina HiSeq platform, and the data were processed using the Galaxy pipeline. Under non-irrigated (drought) conditions, flowers upregulated genes,&#xa0;including <i>nsLTP14</i> (non-specific lipid transfer protein); in contrast, irrigated flowers exhibited higher expression of selected biosynthetic transcripts (e.g., <i>TPS</i> [<i>Terpene Sinthases</i>] and <i>LOX</i> [<i>Lipoxygenase</i>] isoforms) associated with constitutive aroma outputs, as well as <i>nsLTP</i>, <i>LEA6-like</i> (<i>Late Embryogenesis Abundant</i>) and <i>KIN2-like</i> (<i>Kinase</i>) proteins. Metabolomic profiling of floral volatiles revealed differential accumulation of linalool, methyl salicylate, and hexanal, compounds involved in both aroma and drought signaling. Correlation analyses demonstrated coordinated regulation between the expression of biosynthetic genes and metabolite abundance, highlighting an integrated molecular response to water availability. Overall, this integrative omics approach provides new insight into how coffee flowers transcriptionally and metabolically adjust to drought, identifying key genes and volatiles that may support breeding strategies aimed at enhancing drought resilience while preserving floral and cup quality.</p>

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Transcriptome and metabolome analysis in flowers of Coffea arabica L. under drought

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月25日

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  • Thiely Fabian dos Santos,
  • Suzana Tiemi Ivamoto-Suzuki,
  • Priscila Tiemi Maeda Saito,
  • Elodia Barrantes-Sánchez,
  • Alejandro Bólivar-González,
  • Víctor Vásquez-Chaves,
  • Luiz Filipe Protasio Pereira,
  • Andres Gatica-Arias

摘要

Climate change and increasing water scarcity are major threats to coffee production, particularly during the flowering phase of Coffea arabica L., which determines yield and bean quality. Drought and irregular rainfall can impair floral development, yet the underlying transcriptional and metabolic mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study analyzed flower buds of C. arabica “Catuaí Vermelho” grown under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and assess transcriptional variation across apical, medial, and basal branch positions. RNA sequencing was performed on the Illumina HiSeq platform, and the data were processed using the Galaxy pipeline. Under non-irrigated (drought) conditions, flowers upregulated genes, including nsLTP14 (non-specific lipid transfer protein); in contrast, irrigated flowers exhibited higher expression of selected biosynthetic transcripts (e.g., TPS [Terpene Sinthases] and LOX [Lipoxygenase] isoforms) associated with constitutive aroma outputs, as well as nsLTP, LEA6-like (Late Embryogenesis Abundant) and KIN2-like (Kinase) proteins. Metabolomic profiling of floral volatiles revealed differential accumulation of linalool, methyl salicylate, and hexanal, compounds involved in both aroma and drought signaling. Correlation analyses demonstrated coordinated regulation between the expression of biosynthetic genes and metabolite abundance, highlighting an integrated molecular response to water availability. Overall, this integrative omics approach provides new insight into how coffee flowers transcriptionally and metabolically adjust to drought, identifying key genes and volatiles that may support breeding strategies aimed at enhancing drought resilience while preserving floral and cup quality.