<p>Seed priming has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance early vigour, metabolic efficiency, and resilience in crop plants. This study investigates the comparative effects of five seed priming treatments magnesium nitrate (T2), boric acid (T3), a combination of magnesium nitrate and boric acid (T4), hydropriming with deionized water (T5), and an unprimed control (T1) on biochemical, antioxidant, and protein expression responses in wheat during vegetative development. Key parameters assessed at 30, 45, and 60 days after sowing (DAS) included plant height, chlorophyll concentration, total soluble protein, proline accumulation, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Additionally, SDS-PAGE was employed to characterize treatment-induced changes in protein expression profiles. The results demonstrated significant enhancement in growth and metabolic attributes in all primed treatments compared to the control. The combined treatment (T4) exhibited a pronounced synergistic effect, resulting in the highest concentration of antioxidant enzyme activity, protein accumulation, and chlorophyll concentration. Boric acid priming (T3) was particularly effective in increasing nitrate reductase and proline concentration, while magnesium nitrate (T2) enhanced chlorophyll biosynthesis. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed greater band intensity and diversity in primed treatments, especially in T4, indicating elevated protein synthesis and responsive gene expression. Collectively, the findings underscore the potential of micronutrient-based seed priming, particularly the combined application of magnesium and boron, as a strategic tool to optimize physiological performance, bolster antioxidant defence, and regulate proteomic changes during the critical vegetative growth stages in wheat.</p>