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<p>Mangrove roots contain metabolites that enhance salt tolerance and support the germination of their propagules under stressful conditions. GC–MS was performed to understand differential responses between roots of two non-salt-secreting mangroves, <i>Kandelia candel</i> (L.)&#xa0;Druce and <i>Rhizophora mucronata</i> Lam. against varying salinity gradients. The analysis revealed abundant organo oxygen compounds, fatty acids, amino acids and peptides, monosaccharides, disaccharides, alcohols and polyols in the germinating roots of these species. After screening, 75 and 61 compounds were identified in <i>K. candel</i> and <i>R. mucronata</i>, respectively. Twenty-one metabolites were commonly found in both plants, including D-pinitol, sucrose, ethanolamine, glycerol, trehalose and palmitic acid. These metabolites increase in concentration following higher salinity treatment. Principal component plotting indicated similarities or differences in their metabolic profiles. For example, the principal components of metabolites in freshwater and salt-treated <i>K. candel</i> root samples differed from those in other salt treatments. However, after 60&#xa0;days, all treatments exhibited overlapping metabolite profiles. The different treatments applied to <i>R. mucronata</i> propagules were clustered primarily in the positive region of the axis, suggesting similar metabolic responses. The key pathways involved in salt stress responses in <i>K. candel</i> and <i>R. mucronata</i> include alanine, aspartate and glutamate, glutathione, starch, sucrose and galactose metabolism. These findings highlight the metabolic adaptations of <i>K. candel</i> and <i>R. mucronata</i> propagules to salinity gradients during germination, underscoring the complexity and specificity of their responses to salinity.</p>

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Metabolomics of two ecologically important mangroves under salinity gradients identifies the role of key metabolites in their adaptive responses

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月18日

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  • Ashifa Nizam,
  • Khushbu Islam,
  • Ilyas Ahmad,
  • Nirala Ramchiary,
  • Ajay Kumar

摘要

Mangrove roots contain metabolites that enhance salt tolerance and support the germination of their propagules under stressful conditions. GC–MS was performed to understand differential responses between roots of two non-salt-secreting mangroves, Kandelia candel (L.) Druce and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. against varying salinity gradients. The analysis revealed abundant organo oxygen compounds, fatty acids, amino acids and peptides, monosaccharides, disaccharides, alcohols and polyols in the germinating roots of these species. After screening, 75 and 61 compounds were identified in K. candel and R. mucronata, respectively. Twenty-one metabolites were commonly found in both plants, including D-pinitol, sucrose, ethanolamine, glycerol, trehalose and palmitic acid. These metabolites increase in concentration following higher salinity treatment. Principal component plotting indicated similarities or differences in their metabolic profiles. For example, the principal components of metabolites in freshwater and salt-treated K. candel root samples differed from those in other salt treatments. However, after 60 days, all treatments exhibited overlapping metabolite profiles. The different treatments applied to R. mucronata propagules were clustered primarily in the positive region of the axis, suggesting similar metabolic responses. The key pathways involved in salt stress responses in K. candel and R. mucronata include alanine, aspartate and glutamate, glutathione, starch, sucrose and galactose metabolism. These findings highlight the metabolic adaptations of K. candel and R. mucronata propagules to salinity gradients during germination, underscoring the complexity and specificity of their responses to salinity.