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<p>The GH/IGF-1 axis is centrally regulated by the hypothalamus through the secretion of GHRH and somatostatin; however, numerous studies demonstrate the influence exerted on this axis by macronutrients directly or through the mediation of other hormones such as insulin, ghrelin and adipokines. In the general population, carbohydrates cause an increase in insulinemia and suppress GH secretion following hyperglycemia, while proteins and amino acids stimulate GH and IGF-1 production, with a response particularly evident after animal protein intake. Lipids tend to reduce both GH and IGF-1 levels, probably due to the decreased insulinemic response and the modulation of adipose tissue regulatory hormones. Patients with acromegaly have excessive GH production causing insulin resistance and alterations in body composition that might affect the adipokines secretion. The data presented supports the hypothesis that specific interventions on the macronutrient intake can modulate the GH/IGF-1 axis, representing a potential complementary approach to conventional therapies for acromegaly. Further studies are needed to better define nutritional indications and to identify the role of such strategies in clinical practice.</p>

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La composizione dei macronutrienti nella dieta influenza l’asse somatotropo: un potenziale trattamento per l’acromegalia?

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月7日

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  • Angelo Milioto,
  • Daniela Esposito,
  • Diego Ferone,
  • Gudmundur Johannsson,
  • Federico Gatto

摘要

The GH/IGF-1 axis is centrally regulated by the hypothalamus through the secretion of GHRH and somatostatin; however, numerous studies demonstrate the influence exerted on this axis by macronutrients directly or through the mediation of other hormones such as insulin, ghrelin and adipokines. In the general population, carbohydrates cause an increase in insulinemia and suppress GH secretion following hyperglycemia, while proteins and amino acids stimulate GH and IGF-1 production, with a response particularly evident after animal protein intake. Lipids tend to reduce both GH and IGF-1 levels, probably due to the decreased insulinemic response and the modulation of adipose tissue regulatory hormones. Patients with acromegaly have excessive GH production causing insulin resistance and alterations in body composition that might affect the adipokines secretion. The data presented supports the hypothesis that specific interventions on the macronutrient intake can modulate the GH/IGF-1 axis, representing a potential complementary approach to conventional therapies for acromegaly. Further studies are needed to better define nutritional indications and to identify the role of such strategies in clinical practice.