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<p>The management of type 1 diabetes has changed profoundly over the past decade. Continuous glucose monitoring systems, insulin pumps, and more recently, advanced hybrid closed-loop technologies have transformed the daily experience of the disease, offering increasingly precise, automated, and personalised tools. This review traces the key stages of this evolution – from early glucometers to current-generation devices – focusing not only on technical features, but also on clinical outcomes, educational needs, and the human aspects of care. We describe the main systems currently available in Italy, highlighting differences in algorithms, glycaemic targets, user interfaces, and approved age ranges. Special attention is given to the role of artificial intelligence, DIY systems developed by patient communities, and the remaining challenges: disparities in access, the need for structured education, the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis, and the growing phenomenon of technology fatigue. Our goal is not simply to provide a technical overview, but to reflect on how these innovations can become truly usable, sustainable, and meaningful in the everyday lives of people living with type 1 diabetes.</p>

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Diabete di tipo 1: l’evoluzione della tecnologia al servizio del paziente

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月8日

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  • Davide Tinti,
  • Cecilia Nobili

摘要

The management of type 1 diabetes has changed profoundly over the past decade. Continuous glucose monitoring systems, insulin pumps, and more recently, advanced hybrid closed-loop technologies have transformed the daily experience of the disease, offering increasingly precise, automated, and personalised tools. This review traces the key stages of this evolution – from early glucometers to current-generation devices – focusing not only on technical features, but also on clinical outcomes, educational needs, and the human aspects of care. We describe the main systems currently available in Italy, highlighting differences in algorithms, glycaemic targets, user interfaces, and approved age ranges. Special attention is given to the role of artificial intelligence, DIY systems developed by patient communities, and the remaining challenges: disparities in access, the need for structured education, the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis, and the growing phenomenon of technology fatigue. Our goal is not simply to provide a technical overview, but to reflect on how these innovations can become truly usable, sustainable, and meaningful in the everyday lives of people living with type 1 diabetes.