Esercizio fisico nel diabete mellito di tipo 1

Physical exercise improves glycaemic control and overall health in people with diabetes. However, in Type 1 Diabetes there is an increased risk of hypoglycaemia during and after exercise, which results either in excessive countermeasures (carbohydrate consumption, insulin omission), or in avoidance of exercise, both of which impact glycaemic control and cardio-metabolic risk. Good glycaemic control is possible around exercise, but it involves extensive education of the people living with diabetes, caregivers, diabetes teams. Planning ahead is very important in achieving good glycaemic control and reducing the risk of hypoglycaemia during and after exercise training, and even more important during sports competitions. In this review, we will discuss the factors that need to be considered around exercise and the strategies to manage blood glucose during and after exercise, with the aim of improving glycaemic control, reducing hypoglycaemia and improving physical performance.