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<p>Despite the evidence base supporting the functional behavior assessment (FBA) and behavior intervention plan (BIP) process, resource constraints and lack of training continue to preclude their implementation in school-based settings. Developed to address these barriers, the prevent-teach-reinforce (PTR) model employes a manualized, team-based approach, facilitated by a professional with expertise in behavior, to streamline the individualized FBA-BIP process. However, more research is needed to examine the effectiveness of the PTR model in supporting middle school students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). This study evaluated the impact of the PTR secondary model (PTR-SEC) on the classroom behaviors of three middle school students with EBD during academic activities. Results showed that the PTR-SEC effectively decreased problem behavior and increased replacement behavior for all three participants, and these improvements maintained post-intervention. Social validity assessments from students and teachers indicated that the PTR-SEC was acceptable and aligned with the students’ goals, suggesting that PTR-SEC may be a socially valid approach for supporting middle school students with EBD.</p>

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An Evaluation of the Prevent-Teach-Reinforce Secondary (PTR-SEC) Model for Middle School Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Kevin Ochoa Casas,
  • Kwang-Sun Cho Blair,
  • Madeline Rose Risse

摘要

Despite the evidence base supporting the functional behavior assessment (FBA) and behavior intervention plan (BIP) process, resource constraints and lack of training continue to preclude their implementation in school-based settings. Developed to address these barriers, the prevent-teach-reinforce (PTR) model employes a manualized, team-based approach, facilitated by a professional with expertise in behavior, to streamline the individualized FBA-BIP process. However, more research is needed to examine the effectiveness of the PTR model in supporting middle school students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). This study evaluated the impact of the PTR secondary model (PTR-SEC) on the classroom behaviors of three middle school students with EBD during academic activities. Results showed that the PTR-SEC effectively decreased problem behavior and increased replacement behavior for all three participants, and these improvements maintained post-intervention. Social validity assessments from students and teachers indicated that the PTR-SEC was acceptable and aligned with the students’ goals, suggesting that PTR-SEC may be a socially valid approach for supporting middle school students with EBD.