Objectives <p>High rates of race/ethnicity-based discrimination have been documented among Black and Hispanic/Latine individuals and are linked to health consequences including cigarette use and dependence. Despite the high prevalence of cigarette smoking and race/ethnicity-based discrimination specifically among Black and Hispanic/Latine people with HIV (PWH), limited research has examined the relationship between race/ethnicity-based discrimination and cigarette smoking among PWH. This study examined race/ethnicity as a potential moderator of the relationship between race/ethnicity-based discrimination and both cigarette abstinence and cigarette dependence among Black and Hispanic/Latine PWH.</p> Methods <p>This was a secondary analysis of data from a prospective, randomized controlled smoking cessation trial for PWH motivated to quit smoking combustible cigarettes where participants (<i>N</i> = 326, 50.9% male, 76.4% Black, 23.6% Hispanic/Latine, M_age = 50.3) were randomly assigned to an HIV-tailored group therapy intervention or a control condition. Participants completed measures of demographics, smoking behaviors, and race/ethnicity-based discrimination. Participants were followed up 3- and 6-months after study completion and cigarette abstinence was assessed at these time points using self-report and biochemical confirmation. Binary logistic regressions were used to examine whether race and ethnicity moderated the relationship between race/ethnicity-based discrimination and cigarette abstinence at each time point. Linear mixed effect modelling for repeated measures was used to examine whether race and ethnicity moderated the relationship between race/ethnicity-based discrimination and cigarette dependence at each time point.</p> Results <p>Race/ethnicity interacted with time and race/ethnicity-based discrimination to predict cigarette dependence. Hispanic/Latine participants who reported greater race/ethnicity-based discrimination at baseline reported higher cigarette dependence from baseline to 3-month follow-up. Race/ethnicity did not interact with time (baseline, 3-, and 6-month assessments) and race/ethnicity-based discrimination to predict cigarette abstinence.</p> Conclusion <p>Providers may benefit from considering the ways that race/ethnicity-based discrimination influences cigarette dependence among PWH from minoritized backgrounds to develop culturally responsive and inclusive smoking cessation interventions.</p>