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<p>Despite significant strides in vaccine development and dissemination during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, limited and inconsistent vaccine uptake highlights a critical public health challenge for future pandemics. The lack of detailed data has hindered our understanding of ethnic and racial disparities in COVID-19 vaccinations. This study examines the geographic distribution of COVID-19 vaccination disparities among Black and Hispanic populations, investigates disparities between urban and rural counties, and compares racial/ethnic disparities at the county level to state rates. We collected data from 13 state health departments between June 22, 2021, and July 22, 2021, including COVID-19 vaccination counts disaggregated by county and race/ethnicity group. We also analyzed the impact of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) partnership funding on minority COVID-19 vaccination rates. Our findings reveal significant spatial heterogeneity in vaccination disparities among Black and Hispanic populations. Urban areas showed higher levels of Black disparity, while rural areas had higher levels of Hispanic disparity. State-level analyses significantly obscure true disparities, highlighting the importance of county-level data. CDC-funded counties had slightly higher average disparities, but the highest disparities were mainly in non-funded areas. The findings from this study underscore the importance of targeted interventions tailored to specific geographic contexts and emphasize the imperative for policymakers to prioritize the collection and use of granular data to effectively address racial and ethnic disparities in vaccination efforts, thereby fostering more equitable health outcomes for all communities.</p>

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Geographic Heterogeneity in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Vaccination in the US

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月18日

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  • Naima Costello,
  • Alexes Merritt,
  • Shweta Bansal

摘要

Despite significant strides in vaccine development and dissemination during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, limited and inconsistent vaccine uptake highlights a critical public health challenge for future pandemics. The lack of detailed data has hindered our understanding of ethnic and racial disparities in COVID-19 vaccinations. This study examines the geographic distribution of COVID-19 vaccination disparities among Black and Hispanic populations, investigates disparities between urban and rural counties, and compares racial/ethnic disparities at the county level to state rates. We collected data from 13 state health departments between June 22, 2021, and July 22, 2021, including COVID-19 vaccination counts disaggregated by county and race/ethnicity group. We also analyzed the impact of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) partnership funding on minority COVID-19 vaccination rates. Our findings reveal significant spatial heterogeneity in vaccination disparities among Black and Hispanic populations. Urban areas showed higher levels of Black disparity, while rural areas had higher levels of Hispanic disparity. State-level analyses significantly obscure true disparities, highlighting the importance of county-level data. CDC-funded counties had slightly higher average disparities, but the highest disparities were mainly in non-funded areas. The findings from this study underscore the importance of targeted interventions tailored to specific geographic contexts and emphasize the imperative for policymakers to prioritize the collection and use of granular data to effectively address racial and ethnic disparities in vaccination efforts, thereby fostering more equitable health outcomes for all communities.