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Background <p>Much is known about the negative effects of racism, or racial microaggressions, on health and mental health outcomes.</p> Aims &amp; Objectives <p>This paper investigates the effects of online microaggression on health and wellness, validating a new scale: Internet-based Microaggressions Scale (IbMS).</p> Methodology <p>This study draws on a survey gathered from a nationally representative sample of 1,647 participants (M<sub>age</sub> = 46, SD = 18), including 885 women, 742 men, 17 non-binary, and 3 another gender. The researchers oversampled Black, Hispanic, and Asian participants, and 338 participants were Black, 346 Hispanic, 232 Asian, 669 White participants, 4 Native American, 34 multiracial, 23 other, and 1 Middle Eastern. Factor analyses (EFA and CFA) were conducted to determine the factor structure of the IbMS and reliability of each factor. Regression analyses were also performed to examine the association between IbMS subscales (inferiority, invalidations and stereotypical misrepresentations) and the two key outcomes of interest: depression/anxiety and stress. Findings from EFA suggested three factors structure of IbMS: Inferiority, Invalidations, and Stereotypical Misrepresentations.</p> Results <p>Each of the three scales had high reliability (Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.79 to 0.86). Regression analysis showed that greater exposure to online microaggressions was associated with higher reports of depression and stress.</p> Conclusion <p>This research examines the effects of racial microaggressions in and across online contexts, increasing our ability to understand and address how negative interactions nested within these spaces exacerbate disparate mental health outcomes among people of Color.</p>

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Internet-Based Microaggressions, Mental Health, and Stress: Development and Validation of the Internet-based Microagressions Scale

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月13日

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  • Rob Eschmann,
  • Natasha C. Johnson,
  • Stephanie M. Ortiz,
  • Noor Toraif,
  • Ashley Cole,
  • Yuan Zhang,
  • Cheng-Shiun Leu

摘要

Background

Much is known about the negative effects of racism, or racial microaggressions, on health and mental health outcomes.

Aims & Objectives

This paper investigates the effects of online microaggression on health and wellness, validating a new scale: Internet-based Microaggressions Scale (IbMS).

Methodology

This study draws on a survey gathered from a nationally representative sample of 1,647 participants (Mage = 46, SD = 18), including 885 women, 742 men, 17 non-binary, and 3 another gender. The researchers oversampled Black, Hispanic, and Asian participants, and 338 participants were Black, 346 Hispanic, 232 Asian, 669 White participants, 4 Native American, 34 multiracial, 23 other, and 1 Middle Eastern. Factor analyses (EFA and CFA) were conducted to determine the factor structure of the IbMS and reliability of each factor. Regression analyses were also performed to examine the association between IbMS subscales (inferiority, invalidations and stereotypical misrepresentations) and the two key outcomes of interest: depression/anxiety and stress. Findings from EFA suggested three factors structure of IbMS: Inferiority, Invalidations, and Stereotypical Misrepresentations.

Results

Each of the three scales had high reliability (Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.79 to 0.86). Regression analysis showed that greater exposure to online microaggressions was associated with higher reports of depression and stress.

Conclusion

This research examines the effects of racial microaggressions in and across online contexts, increasing our ability to understand and address how negative interactions nested within these spaces exacerbate disparate mental health outcomes among people of Color.